itatcnwitt  and 


«■ 


tal 


OF  THE 


FOREIGN  COMMITTEE, 


CONTAINING 


ij-/.  llie  Epiphany  Appeal. 

2d.  List  of  Books,  etc,  on  Foreign  Missions. 

yi.  Societies  of  IVotnen  auxiliary  to  the  Board  of  Missions. 

<» 

4//0  Parish  ALiss ionary  Societies — a  paper  by  Rev.  f.  E.  Sampson,  Vicar 
of  York,  England. 

^th.  Gleanings  from  the  Missionary  Field,  being  incidents  and  facts  illus¬ 
trative  of  the  character  and  progress  of  the  work  of  Foreign  Missions. 


N.  B. — These  papers  are  respectfully  and  earnestly  commended  to  the  attention  of  the  Clergy.  It  is 
particularly  requested  that  the  Rectors  will  bring  this  great  work  of  the  Church  before  the  minds  of  their 
Congregations  by  preaching  upon  it,  by  reading  to  them  the  Epiphany  Appeal  or  extracts  from  it,  or  by 
circulating  it  among  them,  as  shall  seem  best. 


Ilffo  gorh : 


Cushing,  Bardua  &  Co,  Printers  and  Stationers. 

644  &  646  Broadway. 


1871. 


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PPEAL 


PIPHANY 


OF 


THE  FOREIGN  COMMITTEE. 

1S72. 

or 


To  the  (Bishops^  the  other  Clergy^  and  the  Laity  of  the 
Trotestant  Episcopal  Church, 

T'atiiers  and  Brethren  : 

The  fact  that  the  contributions  to  the  Foreign  work  were  last 
year  $30,000  in  excess  of  those  given  during  the  previous  year,  and 
the  remarkable  spirit  which  prevailed  at  the  General  Convention  and 
the  late  Missionary  meetings,  tell  of  new  life  which  a  gracious 
Saviour  is  pouring  into  his  Church.  It  is  with  peculiar  hope,  there¬ 
fore,  that  the  Foreign  Committee  present  to  their  brethren  their 
annual  appeal. 

OUR  MISSIONARY  STAFF. 

Our  Church  has  now  forty -one  representatives  in  the  foreign 
field.  Of  these,  twenty-eight  are  males  and  thirteen  are  females ; 
twenty-live  are  ordained,  and  sixteen  are  unordained.  Of  these, 
twenty  of  the  ordained  and  all  the  unordained  were  born  in  Christian 
lands,  and  five  of  the  ordained  are  persons  who  have  been  redeemed 
from  heathenism  and  raised  up  upon  the  soil  to  preach  the  riches  of 
Christ.  There  are,  besides  those  thus  enumerated,  a  number  of  native 
teachers  and  catechists  in  all  our  stations. 

TERM  OF  SERVICE. 

Four  of  our  missionaries  have  been  in  the  service  of  the  Church 
in  foreign  lands  over  twenty  years,  live  over  fifteen  years,  six  ten 
years  or  over,  twelve  four  years  or  over,  and  the  rest  from  one  year 
to  four.* 

*  Bishop  Payne,  who  has  just  resigned,  began  his  work  in  Africa  thirty-five  years 
ago ;  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Hill,  in  Greece,  forty  years  ago. 


‘i 


Ol'R  MISSIONS. 

Our  oldest  mission  is  that  in  the  city  of  Athens,  in  (freece.  This 
being  a  mission  not  to  a  heathen  people,  but  to  a  venerable  Church 
fiillen  into  decay,  has  been  one  of  a  very  peculiar  nature.  The 
object  has  been,  not  to  break  down  its  time-honored  institutions,  but 
to  infuse  into  them  an  earnest,  simple  faith,  enlightened  ‘by  the  pure 
Word  of  God.  And  it  has  been  the  hope  of  the  friends  of  the 
Mission  that  the  presence  of  a  clergyman  of  our  Church,  who  should 
be  on  friendlv  terms  with  the  Greek  clersrv,  and  the  dailv  instruction 
of  srirls  of  that  land  in  the  Mission  school,  would  contribute  towards 
the  accomplishment  of  the  desired  end. 

The  event  seems  to  prove  that  in  this  effort  the  Church  has 

been  moving  with  the  designs  of  Providence.  For  there  has  been 

a  great  awakening  in  Greece  latelv,  and  it  has  followed  the  two  lines 

< _  ** 

on  which  our  ^lission  has  been  working,  viz.:  education,  especially  of 
the  young,  and  education  not  in  things  temporal  alone,  but  in  the 
knowledge  of  the  Word  of  God.  In  a  land,  where  onlv  a  few  vears 

K' 

ago  education  was  alnfost  entirelv  neglected,  there  are  now  many 
nourishing  schools  of  high  rank  :  and  in  a  Church,  where  even  the 
ministers  of  religion  were  shamefullv  ignorant  of  the  Word  of  God, 
numbers  of  priests  have  associated  themselves  for  the  study  of  that 
W ord  :  and  a  preacher  has  been  raised  up  mighty  in  the  Scriptures, 
and  endued  with  remarkable  power  in  presenting  them  in  an  impres¬ 
sive  manner  to  the  people. 

AFRICA. 

Our  work  in  Africa  is  on  the  West  Coast.  theEepublic  of  Liberia 
being  its  base  of  operations. 

Whether  we  consider  this  settlement  as  a  colony  which  was 

«/ 

settled  in  Africa  from  our  own  shores,  and  largely  under  the  auspices- 
of  our  people  :  or  as  organized  into  a  young  Kepublic ;  or  as  an  in- 
stitnce  of  a  wronged  and  inferior  mce  manfully  struggling  after 
independence,  and  a  home  which  they  may  call  their  ovm  ;  or  as  an 
experiment  at  colonization,  which,  if  successful,  will  be  fraught  with 
inestimable  blessings,  directly  to  the  colored  race  and  indirectly  to 
our  o^vn,  the  people  of  Liberia  have  claims  upon  us  which  are 
altogether  extraordinary. 

When  we  look  at  them  in  another  light,  and  remember  that 
these  Africans,  like  the  eunuch  of  old  who  was  led  all  the  war 

v' 

from  Ethiopia  to  Jerusalem  to  worship,  have  been  brought,  in  the 
Providence  of  God,  to  this  distant  land — like  Palestine,  a  centre  of 


•) 


religious  liglit — and  that  it  is  left  with  ns  to  decide  whetlier,  re¬ 
turned  to  Africa,  they  shall  be  bearers  to  its  benighted  people  of  the 
story  of  tiie  Lamb  led  to  the  slaughter ;  under  these  circumstances 
their  claims  upon  us  seem  without  a  ])aralleL 

Little  interested  as  the  Church  as  a  wliole  has  been  in  the  work 
in  that  land,  a  breach  has  been  made  in  tlie  solid  phalanx  of  African 
heathenism  and  wretchedness;  and  Liberia  this  day  is  an  “open 
door  ”  bv  which  the  charity  of  the  Church  may  reach  yast  masses 
of  natiye  heathens,  ddiey  crowd  around  the  colony  on  eyery  side — 

C  f  t 

yea,  pour  into  the  yery  colony  itself  They  haye,  moreover,  begun 
to  ask  for  light.  Writes  one  of  oui’  missionaries  : 

“At  the  second  town  which  I  visited,  an  old  man  followed  me  a  long  distance 
from  town,  importuning  me  in  the  most  serious,  solemn  manner  to  send  him  a 
teacher.  The  man’s  earnestness  startled  me.  ‘  But,  my  friend,’  I  said,  ‘  I  have  no 
teacher  to  le.ave  here.  I  am  only  traveling  through  the  country.’  ‘  But,’  was  his 
reply,  in  very  clear  English,  ‘  but  your  people  promised  me  a  school.  I  want  my 
children  taught ;  and  you  ought  to  send  a  man  here.’  And  for  a  half-hour  he  kept 
beside  me  step  by  step,  urging  his  suit,” 

II()\y  IS  THE  Work  to  be  Doxe  ? — All  experience  in  Missions 
leads  to  the  conyiction  that  teachers  must  be  raised  up  on  the 
soil  for  this  ])eople.  And  an  earnest  effort  is  now  making  to 
this  end  in  the  Hoffman  Institute,  under  the  charge  of  our  ad¬ 
mirable  ndssionary  and  teacher,  Key,  Mr.  Auer.  But  a  due  supply 
of  Liberian  natiye  teachers  and  ministers  has  not  yet  been  se¬ 
cured.  And  the  ])resent  needs  of  the  hundreds  of  thousands  of 
immortal  souls  who  are  now  within  reach  from  Liberia,  and  the  work 
now  going  on  of  forming  an  African  Church  for  the  future,  demand 
the  immediate  presence  of  the  energy,  enterjjrise,  superior  ciyilization 
and  mature  Christianity  of  our,  or  some  other,  long  Christianized  race. 
We  haye  howeyer  now,  alas !  only  one  white  clergyman  on  the 
African  coast.  ,  Ihvo  Christian  women  haye  lately  gone  out  there,  one 
of  them  after  full  experience  during  ffve  years  of  the  climate  and  the 
work.  Kejoicing  at  thoir  arriyal,  yet  grieyed  that  none  of  tlie  ordained 
ministers  of  the  Church  conies  to  his  help,  the  Key.  Mr.  Auer,  our 
only  white  clergyman  in  Africa,  asks  a  questidn  which  the  Foreign 
Committee  are  at  a  loss  to  answer:  “Must  women  go  to  the  front 
and  men  stay  at  home  ?  ’ 

01  TIN  A. 

Here  is  a  lield,  which  comprises  within  its  limits  such  a  multitude 
of  human  beings,  that,  in  the  language  of  a  recent  writer,  if  we  sup- 
])ose  their  land  to  be  remoyed  and  its  peo])le  to  be  scattered  over  the 


6 


rest  of  the  world,  every  third  person  one  would  meet  would  be  a' 
Chinaman,  and  every  third  house  a  Chinese  dwelling. 

Its  spiritual  destitution  is  appalling.  It  is  composed  ^of  eighteen 
Provinces.  In  eleven  of  these  Provinces,  which  contain  on  an  aver¬ 
age  eighteen  millions  of  people  each,  there  is  not  a  single  missionary 
of  the  Cross.  China  is,  as  is  known,  one  of  the  most  difficult  fields 
of  missionary  effort.  But  the  opinion  of  those  who  are  best  qualified 
to  judge  is,  that  the  obstacles,  like  those  which  the  great  Apostle  to 
the  heathen  met  in  Corinth,  are  not  reasons  why  the  missionaries 
should  depart,  but  reasons  why  they  should  continue  there. 

Our  Missions  there  seem  to  have  enjoyed  the  evident  favor  of 
Almighty  Cod.  The  missionaries  have  been  laboring  with  great 
diligence ;  have  borne  with  great  patience  the  absence  of  facilities  for 
carrying  on  their  work,  which  they  had  reason  to  expect  that  the 
Church  would  provide ;  have  made  up  what  was  lacking,  so  far  as 
they  could,  by  contributions  of  their  owip  and  are  happy  and  hopeful 
in  their  work. 

There  are  many  signs  of  growing  vigor  and  increased  develop¬ 
ment  in  the  little  Christian  Cliurch  which  has  been  gathered.  In  the 
last  three  years  the  communicants  have  nearly  trebled.  They  have- 
inaugurated  and  are  carrying  on  mission  work  of  their  own.  They 
have  contributed,  according  to  their  ability,  for  the  maintenance  of 
the  Church  hospital  and  the  kitchen  for  providing  rice  for  the  poor,, 
and  for  the  purchase  of  furniture  for  one  of  the  Chapels.  Indeed,  when 
the  number  of  converts  and  the  average  rate  of  wages  is  considered, 
their  contributions  the  last  year  were  nearly  double  in  value  the  aver¬ 
age  yearly  offerings  of  the  same  number  of  communicants  here  in 
this  country  ;  and  a  general  review  of  the  work  indicates  that  of 
which  the  increasingly  antagonistic  attitude  of  the  ruling  classes  is 
significant,  that  a  measure  of  success  is  attending  the  labors  of 
Christian  missionaries  which  may  well  excite  alarm  in  the  friends  of 
paganism,  and  make  the  Christian  glad. 

Work  to  be  Done. — The  Committee  are  encouraged  by  the  state 
of  feeling  at  home,  and  by  the  condition  of  the  work  in  China,  to- 
strengthen  and  add  to  the  appliances  for  carrying  on  the  Mission  work 
already  in  operation  in  that  land,  and  to  enter  into  a  new  field  (»f 
labor  there. 

They  propose  to  do  the  former  by  making  more  liberal  provi¬ 
sion  for  our  schools,  and  especially  by  the  purchase,  or  erection,  of  a 
building  for  the  Boarding  School  for  boys  in  Shanghai,  an  Institution 
which  has  been  of  such  singular  service  in  the  Mission  work  in  past 


i 


years,  and  with  which,  our  long-proved  and  valued  Missionary,  Miss 
Fay,  has  for  so  many  years  been  connected.  '* 

The  neAv  field  which  it  is  proposed  to  occupy  is  the  city  of 
Soochow.  It  is  within  eighty  miles  of  our  chief  Mission,  that  in 
Shanghai,  and  easily  reached  from  that  point.  Several  walled  towns 
are  on  the  direct  road  to  it  from  Shanghai,  and  could  be  visited  by 
every  one  who  passed  between  the  two  places;  and  as  soon  as  a  sufficient 
number  of  native  assistants  could  be  raised  up  we  could  have  a  chain 
of  stations  from  Shanghai  to  Soochow.  There  is,  also,  a  number  ot 
walled  cities  within  easy  reach  by  native  boats,  and  Missionaries 
stationed  at  Soochow  could  visit  these  places  regularly,  and  take  the 
oversight  of  work  done  by  native  clergy  or  catechists. 

“This  is  an  opportunity ”  writes  Bishop  Williams,  “for  planting 
the  Gospel  in  the  very  heart  of  the  most  populous  Province  of  China, 
away  from  the  influence  of  a  seaport  town,  and  the  evil  example  ot 
foreign  sailors  and  others  who  come  from  distant  lands,  which  we 
ought  by  all  means  to  embrace.  It  contains  over  a  million  of  people,  and 
there  are  four  other  walled  cities  within  a  radius  of  twenty  miles,  and  in 
all  that  section  of  country  there  is  not  a  single  clergyman  of  our  Church, 
nor  indeed  a  minister  of  any  denomination.  Only  let  any  one  fancy 
himself  living  eighty  miles  from  the  City  of  NewYork,  and  knowing  that 
there  was  not  a  single  minister  of  the  Gospel  to  preach  Christ  and 
Him  crucified  to  its  perishing  thousands,  and  he  will  be  able  in  some 
measure  to  realize  my  position.  Who,  under  such  circumstances, 
could  help  from  crying  out,  ‘Men  and  brethren,  help!’”  Fortin's 
work  Bishop  Williams  calls  for  three,  at  the  least  two,  missionaries, 
“  good  men  and  true,  thoroughly  imbued  with  the  spirit  of  their 
Master,  earnest,  persevering,  willing  to  endure  hardness  and  deny 
themselves  ;  filled  with  love  to  Christ  and  the  priceless  souls  for  which 
lie  died.” 

The  Foreign  Committee  are  prepared  to  accept  the  services  of 
men  qualified  for  this  enterprise,  and  they  earnestly  invoke  the  atten¬ 
tion  to  it  of  the  clergy  and  candidates  for  holy  orders,  and  the  prayers 
of  thfe  whole  church,  so  that  a  spirit  may  exist  among  us  out  of  which 
suitable  men  may  be  produced  for  this  interesting  field. 

HAITI. 

• 

This  field  seems  to  have  peculiar  claims  upon  our  charity,  because 
of  its  proximity  to  our  shores.  The  more  intelligent  part  of  the 
population  are  disgusted  with  Romanism,  which  has  been  dominant 
there ;  and  the  presence  of  our  Church  is  received  with  great  favor. 


8 


f 


IHie  Mission  seems  to  have  been  carried  on  with  a  good  degree  of 
energy  daring  the  ])ast  year ;  and,  while  the  chief  parish — that  at 
Port-au-Prince — has  lost  somewhat  in  numbers,  owing  to  emigrants 
from  Jamaica  and  St.  ddiomas  returning  to  their  homes,  discouraged 
by  the  hard  times  and  by  the  recent  political  disturbances  in  Haiti, 
the  Mission  has  made  decided  advance  in  the  good  opinion  of  the 
people. 

CONCLUSION. 

All  this  work  is  earnestly  commended  to  the  increased  interest 
and  liberality  of  the  Church. 

It  is  no  foundling,  but  the  legitimate  offspring  of  the  Church. 
Natural  affection  demands  that  it  sliould  be  cherished. 

If  we  were  without  it,  where  should  we  point  the  inquirer  for 
our  marks  of  an  Apostolic  Church,  when  he  asked  us  to  show  our 
apostleship  of  the  uncircumcision  ?  ” 

The  enterprise  is  worthy.  A  self-sacrifice,  a  courage  and  an  in¬ 
domitable  perseverance  have  been  shown  by  our  Missionaries  in  its  pro¬ 
secution,  which  have  rarely  been  excelled,  and  constitute  one  of  the 
hopeful  signs  of  the  Church  in  these  days  of  ease-loving  Christianity. 

As  to  the  argument  used  most  commonly  against  work  abroad, 
suffice  it  to  say  that  if  it  were  valid,  no  foreign  work  would  have  ever 
been  undertaken  in  any  age  or  by  any  Church,  for  when  did  the 
Church,  of  any  age  or  nation,  begin  a  foreign  missionary  work  when 
it  was  not  true  that  “  there  was  plenty  of  work  for  that  Church  to 
do  at  home?  ” 

Far  from  hindering  work  at  home,  a  deep  spirit  of  foreign 
missions  is  the  fertile  soil  in  which  all  domestic  enterprises  best 
nourish.  The  history  shows  that  it  was  in  an  awakening  to  the  duty 
of  foreign  missions  that  our  own  domestic  missionary  work  sprang  into 
being.  History  shows  that  the  years  of  the  greatest  efforts  in  the 
English  Church  in  behalf  of  work  abroad  have  been  the  vears  of  great- 
est  growth  at  home.  It  is  almost  a  truism  that  whatever  is  raised  for 
the  foreign  work  is  clear  gain  to  it  and  to  its  hapjiy  givers,  and  no  loss 
whatever  to  domestic  work. 

Therefore  let  every  heart  throw  open  wide  its  doors,  and  bid 
Christ’s  charity,  with  all  its  ungrudging,  generous,  world-wide  syrn- 
])athies  come  in.  Let  us  act  out  in  our  deeds  what  we  say  with  our 
lips,  “Thy  kingdom  come!”  “We  humbly  beseech  Thee  for  all 
sorts  and  conditions  of  men,  that  Thou  wonkiest  be  pleased  to  make 
'riiy  ways  .known  unto  them,  Thy  saving  health  among  all  nations." 

t.  t  /  C;  O 


9 


And  may  the  record  of  our  whole  Cliurch  be  as  honorable  the 
coming  year  as  was  that  of  some  portions  of  it  in  tlie  year  that  ’has 
])assed  ;  for  olferings  for  the  China  Mission  were  received  from  each 
of  the  Missionaries  and  the  Mission  Clini’cli  in  Haiti ;  for  general 
Foreign  work,  from  the  parish  in  Salt  Lake  City,  from  several  of  the 
churches  in  Oregon ,  from  the  American  Fpiscopal  Cha})el  in  Koine, 
Italy;  from  Honolulu,  in  behalf  of  Miss  Baldwin’s  school  for 
Arab  boys,  in  datfa,  Syria  ;  from  the  Arab  boys  of  Miss  Baldwin’s 
school,  in  Jafta,  Syria,  for  the  benefit  of  the  African  boys  at  Toto- 
korie  Station,  Condo  tribe,  AVest  Africa  ;  and,  lastly,  for  the  general 
Foreign  work  from  the  Cliristian  Indians  at  AVhite  Farth  Keservation. 


On  behalf  of  the  Foeenjn  (Joiininlf<^f\ 


WILLIAM  H.  HAKF, 


Secretarjf  and  (reneral  AfjenL 


28  Bible  House,  N.  )  .,  December,  1871. 

m 


¥ 


(Eoinmittec  for  JTorcign  ilUsoious. 

'  Kight  Kev.  HOKATIO  POTTER,  D.I).,  LL.D.,  Chairman. 

Rev.  John  Cotton  Smith,  D.D.  Stewart  BKO^\■N,  Es(p 
Rev.  M.  a.  De Wolfe  Howe,  D.I).  I^ewis  Curtis,  Esq. 

Rev.  H.  Dyer,  D.D.  Lemuel  Coffin,  Esq. 

Rev.  Ben.j.  I.  Haight,  D.D.  Frederick  S.  Winston,  Esq. 

Rev.  AMilliam  H.  Hare.  James  S.  Aspin^vall,  Esq. 

Rev.  William  H.  Hare,  Sec.  and  Gend  Agt,  No.  23  Bible  House,  N.  Y. 
Rev.  S.  D.  Denison,  Honorary’ Secretary,  No.  23  Bible  House,  N.  Y. 
James  S.  Aspinwall,  Esq.,  Treasurer,  No.  86  William  street,  N.  Y. 


Stated  meetings — Third  Monday  of  each  Month. 


10 


Extract  from  the  proceedings  of  the  Board  of  Missions,  October,. 
1871. 

“  The  Secretary  and  General  Agent  of  the  Foreign  Committee  ex¬ 
plained  the  various  items  in  the  Financial  Statement  in  the  Report  of 
the  Foreign  Committee  ;  when  it  was  : 

On  Motion  of  the  Rev.  B.  H.  Paddock,  .D.D., 

Resolved^  Tliat  the  Board  has  listened  with  interest  and  pleasure- 
to  the  voluntarily  proffered  and  minute  explanation  on  the  part  of  its 
Foreign  Secretary  and  General  Agent,  of  the  disbursements  of  its 
funds  during  the  last  year ;  and  it  desires  to  assure  the  Church  at 
large  of  its  entire  confidence  in  the  wisdom  that  has  guided  the 
Foreign  Committee  in  the  matter  of  its  necessary  expenses.’’ 


BOOKS,  &c.,  ON  FOREIGN  MISSIONS. 


In  answer  to  frequent  inquiries,  the  following  are  recommended.  To  he  had 

of  Messrs.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.,  713  Broadway,  New  York,  and  of  Mr.  Whitaker, 

No.  3  Bible  House,  New  York. 

l?ROM  Pole  to  Pole. — A  hand-book  of  Christian  Missions,  for  the  use  of  Ministers, 
Teachers,  and  others.  By  Joseph  Hassell,  Associate  of  King’s  College,  Lon¬ 
don,  one  of  the  masters  of  the  Home  and  Colonial  Schools.  Price,  $1.75. 

Pioneers  and  Founders  ;  or,  Recent  Workers  in  the  Mission  Field. — By  Miss 
Yonge.  Price,  $1.75.  \ 

Work  in  the  Colonies. — Some  account  of  the  Missionary  operations  of  the 
Church  of  England  in  connection  with  the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the 
Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts.  Price,  $2.00. 

Church  Missionary  Atlas. — A  most  valuable  work.  Price,  1.50. 

China  and  the  Chinese. — A  general  description  of  the  country  and  its  inhabi¬ 
tants  ;  its  civilization  and  form  of  government  its  religious  and  social  institu¬ 
tions  ;  its  intercourse  with  other  nations;  and  its  present  conditions  and 
prospects.  By  the  Rev.  John  L.  Nevius,  ten  years  a  Missionary  in  China. 
Price,  $1.75. 

Mission  Life. — Being  an  English  Illustrated  Monthly,  for  one  year,  bound  up  in 
one  volume.  An  admirable  publication.  Price  $2.00. 

Illustrated  Missionary  News. — A  paper  of  the  size  and  general  appearance  of 
Harper’s  Weekly.  Price  $1.00. 

The  following  are  to  be  had  of  the  Secretary  and  General  Agent,  23  Bible  House, 

New  York. 

A  History  of  the  Foreign  Missionary  Work  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church.  AYith  photographs  of  Bishops  White,  Griswold,  Brownell,  Kemper, 
and  A.  Potter,  and  Rev.  Dr.  Bedell.  In  two  parts.  By  the  Rev.  S.  D.  Denison, 
D.D.,  lion.  Secretary.  Part  I  is  the  Jubilee  Volume,  and  is  not  confined 
exclusively  to  Foreign  Missions,  but  embraces  all  that  is  of  a  general  character 
in  the  Proceedings,  Addresses,  Measures  adopted,  &c. 

Large  and  New  Map  of  Liberia,  4  ft.  by  5,  showing  the  scene  of  our  Mission* 
Price,  $1.50. 

Diagram,  showing  religious  condition  of  the  world.  4  ft.  by  3.  Price,  25  cents. 

Mrs.  IIening’s  History  of  the  African  Mission. — A  few  copies  left.  Price^ 
$1.25. 


9 


\ 


©AY  ©AWN  IN  Africa  ;  or,  Progress  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Mission  at  Cape 
Palmas.  Price,  $1.25. 

West  African  Record. — Formerly  known  as  “  The  Cavalla  Messenger.”  It  is  a 
religious  newspaper,  published  in  connection  with  our  Mission  upon  the  West 
Coast.  The  printing  office  is  in  one  of  the  rooms  of  the  Hoffman  Institute 
Building,  and  th^  type  is  set  up  and  the  paper  worked  off'  by  the  young 
Africans  whom  Rev.  Mr.  Auer  is  raising  up  for  ministers,  catechists,  teachers, 
ifec.,  in  that  excellent  institution.  Published  monthly  at  Cavalla,  Cape  Palmas, 
Price,  $1  a  year,  payable  in  advance. 

The  Spirit  of  Missions. — A  monthly  Magazine  of  Home  and  Foreign  Missionary 
Literature  and  News.  Terms,  $1.50  per  annum. 

Home  and  Abroad.  —  Published  on  the  fifteenth  of  each  month.  Terms:  One 
hundred  copies,  $10  per  annum.  Less  than  ten  copies,  25  cts.  each  per  annum. 

The  Carrier  Dove. — A  monthly  paper  of  the  Foreign  Committee;  for  the  Young. 
Besides  Letters  for  the  Children,  written  by  our  own  Missionaries,  the  editor 
aims  to  give  in  this  paper  the  most  interesting  Stories  which  can  be  had  on 
Missionary  and  other  Christian  topics.  Four  beautiful  Engravings  are  given 
in  each  number.  Specimen  copies  sent  free  on  application.  Terms :  Eight 
•copies  to  one  address,  $1  a  year ;  a  single  copy,  25  cents  a  year. 


0 


t 


V 


Societies  of  Women  Auxiliary  to  the  Board  of  Missions. 


Tlie  women  of  the  Clinrcli  were,  in  tlie  early  clays  of  our  Mis¬ 
sionary  work,  among  the  most  earnest  helpers  in  the  cause;  and  there 
were  organized  auxiliary  societies  of  women  in  many  of  our  parishes, 
as  appears  in  the  History  of  the  Foreign  Missionaiw  work,  which  has 
lately  been  prepared  by  the  Rev.  S.  D.  Denison,  D.D.  Why  these 
auxiliary  societies,  to  the  value  of  which  the  Reports  of  the  Board 
bore  frecpient  witness,  passed  out  of  existence  we  cannot  tell.  Per- 
lia])S  they  succumbed  to  the  general  languor  in  the  Missionary  enter¬ 
prise,  which  there  has  been  reason  at  times  to  bewail.  But  whatever 
may  have  been  the  cause  of  their  disbanding,  this  is  surely  the  day 
for  their  re-organization. 

Women  have  organized  in  behalf  of  the  Missionary  work  in  other 
bodies  of  Christians,  and  are  doing  most  effective  service ;  for,  not  to 
speak  of  their  influence  in  behalf  of  the  work  in  their  homes,  and  the 
power  of  their  intercessions,  their  direct  help  in  a  pecuniary  way  has 
been  very  considerable,  as  the  following  report  of  contributions  for  the 
past  year  shows : 

Women’s  Union  Missionary  Society 
Women’s  Board  of  Missions,  Congregational  Church 
W  omen’s  Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the  M.  E. 

Church  -  ------ 

Women’s  Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the  Baptist 
Church  -------- 

Women’s  Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the  Pres¬ 
byterian  Church . 


$4:4,857 

24,459 

22,398 

4,000 

15,000 


$110,714 

We  have  no  need  to  speak  a  wmrd  of  exhortation  to  the  women 
of  our  Church  on  the  subject  of  personal  service  in  the  held.  The 
Foreign  Committee  have  never  failed  to  And  among  them  those  who 
were  ready  to  volunteer  to  leave  their  homes  and  labor  for  Christ. 
There  are  now  fifteen  of  them  in  our  various  Foreign  Missions. 
From  the  first  these  Female  Missionaries  have  showed  a  courage 
in  undertaking,  and  a  steadfastness  in  carrying  on  the  Church’s  work 


the  lieathen,  the  record  of  wliich  makes  one  of  the  brightest 
pages  in  onr  annals.  What  was  written  of  one,  lias  been  true  of 
many  others — “  She  departed  for  Africa,  conscious  that  though  she 
might  go  out  cheered  by  the  smiles  of  friends  and  encouraged  by  the 
approbation  of  the  Churches,  she  would  yet  soon  amidst  a  people 
of  strange  speech  see  those  smiles  only  in  remembrance,  and  hear 
the  voice  of  encouragement  only  in  dying  whispers  across  the  ocean.” 
Her  term  of  service  was  soon  cut  short,  but  her  dying  declaration 
was :  ‘‘  I  have  the  assurance  that  I  have  been  directed  by  the  Lord. 
I  could  have  wished  to  live  longer  that  I  might  do  more  for  this  de¬ 
graded  people,  but  the  will  of  the  Lord  be  done.”  Only  lately  four 
or  live  women  of  our  Church  have  departed  for  their  respective  fields 
of  labor. 

Now,  when  these  have  cheerfully  left  their  homes  to  labor  for 
Christ,  shall  not  those  who  do  not  leave  their  homes,  have  the  work 
of  their  absent  sisters  on  their  hearts  and  sustain  it  with  their  prayers 
and  efforts?  The  question  put  by  Moses  and  so  earnestly  applied  by 
Bishop  Kerfootin  his  recent  sermon  before  the  Board  of  Missions,  may 
certainly  be  quoted  with  pertinency  in  this  connection  :  “  Shall  your 
brethren  go  to  war  and  shall  ye  sit  here  ?”  We  are  sure  that  the  hearts 
of  most  of  the  women  of  the  Church  are  friendly  to  this  work,  and  that 
where  they  are  not,  all  that  is  needed  to  make  them  friendly  is  informa¬ 
tion  of  its  character  and  needs.  What  we  fear,  however,  is  that  from  tim¬ 
idity  or  indisposition  to  take  the  lead,  the  friendly,  feeling  will  remain 
J-'eding^  nothing  more.  What  we  need  is  action.  We  want  an 
organized  society  in  every  Church,  with  the  object  so  well  stated  in 
the  Constitution  adopted  by  a  society  of  women  lately  formed  in  one 
of  our  parishes  : 

1st.  To  awaken  throughout  the  parish,  a  deeper,  more  permanent, 
and  more  general  interest  in  the  work  of  Missions,  both  foreign  and 
domestic ;  and, 

2d.  To  show  to  our  Missionaries  in  the  field  that  they  have  those 
at  home  who  work,  pray,  and  sympathize  with  them 'and  who  testify 
this  sympathy  by  practical  aid. 

We  beg  those  wlio  are  indisposed  to  action  to  consider, 

1st.  That  sisters  in  Christ  and  in  the  Church  are  enduring  isola¬ 
tion  and  disease,  in  foreign  lands,  and  patiently  toiling  amid  much 
discouragement  and  sadness  of  heart  to  lift  up  to  Christ  the  souls 
which  He  came  to  save. 

2d.  That  God  has  manifestly  designed  woman,  by  her  tempera¬ 
ment  and  her  sphere  of  action,  to  be  a  centre  and  fountain  of  religious 


3 


life,  and  has  endowed  ^ler  with  an  aptitude  for  ditfusing  interest  in 
religious  enterprise  wliich  lias  been  proved  in  all  ages  of  the  Church. 

3rd.  That  woman  in  heathen  lands  has  as  strong  religious  instincts 
as  women  have  with  us ;  that,  wanting  the  truth,  she  feeds  her  relig¬ 
ious  affections  on  the  delusions  of  idolatry,  spending  her  money  on 
that  which  is  not  bread,  and  her  labor  for  that  which  satisfieth  not.’’ 

4th.  That  women  are  mothers  in  heathen  lands  as  well  as  here; 
that  as  such  they  are  the  most  potent  educators,  and  that  they  are  as 
pains-taking  in  teaching  their  children  to  worship  idols  as  Christian 
mothers  are  in  teaching  their  little  ones  to  say,  “  Our  Father  who 
art  in  Heaven.” 

5th.  That  there  are  300,000,000  of  tliese  heathen  women  who  are 
this  day  passing  on  their  hard  way  towards  the  grave.  ‘‘  Suppose,” 
says  a  writer  in  The  Heathen  Women’s  Friend  “that  these  millions 
of  degraded  women  were  to  rise  up  and  pass  in  review  before  us,  their 
Christian  sisters,  marching  so  that  we  could  count  sixty  persons  each 
minute.  They  pass  by  us  at  this  rate  all  the  day  for  twelve  long  hours, 
and  we  find  that  43,200  have  passed  us.  Again  the  second  day  the 
procession  moves  on,  and  day  after  day  until  the  twenty-fourth  day 
we  find  that  one  million  have  been  counted.  Thus  these  women  move 
in  their  fearful  darkness,  bearing  on  their  bodies  and  in  their  counte¬ 
nances  marks  of  their  degradation  and  misery.  Da3^s  grow  to  months, 
and  months  to  years,  still  the  procession  moves  on.  She  who  started 
as  a  pretty,  innocent,  little  girl,  has  grown  to  womanhood,  yet  with  all 
that  is  lovely,  noble,  and  pure  in  her  nature  crushed  out  in  her  growth. 
For  twenty  long  years  we  must  stand  and  count  ere  we  number  the 
last  of  this  sorrowful  procession  of  300,000,000  heathen  women,  whom 
Satan  hath  bound  in  such  galling  chains  ‘  lo,  these  many  years.’ 

“  While  this  procession  is  imaginar^^,  the  numbers  and  conditions 
that  it  shows  are  awful  facts  that  should  move  our  hearts  and  hands 
to  worthy  deeds  for  the  redemption  of  these  lost  ones.  Will  Christian 
women  continue  to  spend  so  much  time,  talent  and  money  to  adorn 
their  dying  bodies,  and  leave  these  immortal  souls  uncared  for  ? 

“  Let  us  view  these  millions  in  3^et  another  aspect.  Behold  them  as 
they  pass  away  from  this  world,  beyond  the  reach  of  our  aid,  into  that 
future  which  has  always  been  so  dark  and  dreadful  to  them.  How 
rapidly  the  procession  moves  on,  resting  not  day  nor  night,  for  death 
knows  no  rest.  In  one  hour^  eight  hundred  pass  through  death’s  door 
and  enter  that,  to  them,  dark  future.  Their  heathen  friends  are  seen 
burning  lights  on  their  sacred  streams,  or  on  their  graves,  to  try  to 
remove  a  little  of  the  gloom  and  terror  that  rests  upon  tlieir  souls. 


but  ]i()W  liopeless  the  task  !  Twenty  thousand,  heathen  women ^  with 
all  their  sin,  with  all  their  fear  of  death  and  their  dread  of  the  future, 
pass  into  eternity  on  an  average  every  da}".  It  is  indeed  a  fearful 
sight.  But  is  it  not  almost  as  melancholy  a  sight  to  see  Christian 
women  carelessly  sleeping  the  while,  instead  of  putting  forth  stren¬ 
uous  eflorts  to  save  them  ? 

The  whole  subject  of  woman’s  duty  in  this  matter  was  under  dis¬ 
cussion  at  the  recent  meeting  of  the  (General  Convention  and  the  Board 
of  Missions,  and  definite  action  taken  whicli  will  be  found  presented^ 
together  with  plans  for  the  carrying  it  into  effect,  on  the  last  pages- 
of  the  January  hlo.  of  the  Spirit  of  Missions,  where,  we  are  glad  to  an¬ 
nounce,  our  readers  will  hereafter  always  find  pages  devoted  to  wo- 
man’s  part  in  our  great  missionary  work.  Better  still  is  the  announce¬ 
ment  which  we  are  able  to  make,  that  the  recommendations  of  the 
Board  have  in  at  least  two  parishes  been  put  into  operation.  Female 
Auxiliary  Societies  have  been  organized  in  St.  Peter’s  Church,  Bal¬ 
timore,  Bev.  J.  E.  G rammer.  Hector,  and  in  Christ  Church,  Rye,. 
Rev.  Reese  F.  Alsop,  Rector. 

On  hehaJf  of  the  Foreign  Committee^ 


WILLIAM  II.  HARE, 

Sec.  and  Gen.  Agt.  of  the  Foreign  Committee. 


23  Bible  House,  Hew  York. 


Parish  Missionary  Societies— An  Effectual  Method. 


'r 

The  parisli  of  St.  Thomas,  at  York,  England,  is  composed  almost 
entirely  of  people  in  an  hnmble  class  of  life,  and  yet  the  contributions 
of  the  parish  to  Foreign  Missions  are  over  one  thousand  dollars  a 
year,  while  at  the  same  time  a  liberal  support  is  given  to  Home  Mis¬ 
sions  and  local  objects.  This  is  owing  not  only  to  the  lively  interest 
in  Missions  on  the  part  of  the  Eev.  J.  E.  Sampson,  the  Yicar,  but  also 
to  systematic  parochial  organization  for  the  purpose  of  promoting  the 
cause.  At  a  recent  conference  of  Association  Secretaries  of  the 
Church  Missionary  Society,  Mr.  Sampson  was  requested  to  read  a 
paper  on  the  formation  and  operation  of  the  very  efficient  Parochial 
M  issionary  Association  of  St.  Thomas’ Church.  We  have  not  the 
sjiace  to  present  the  paper  in  extenso^  but  we  will  endeavor  to  give  its 
more  important  statements,  in  the  hope  that  some  of  our  own  clergy 
who  are  desirous  that  their  parishes  should  do  more  for  Missions,  may 
obtain  therefrom  some  useful  hints  and  suggestions. 

A  MISSIONARY  ASSOCIATION  SHOULD  BE  FORMED. 

The  evangelization  of  the  heathen  world  is  the  grandest,  the  most 
solemn  and  costly  of  all  Christian  works,  and  it  should  ever  maintain 
a  commanding,  though  not  an  overshadowing,  position  in  the  parish. 
The  orthodox  Annual  Sermon,  though  good,  and  to  be  continued,  is 
not  sufficient  for  this;  something  else  is  needed,  and  experience  in 
our  case  has  proved  that  the  most  effectual  of  all  methods  is  the 
formation  of  a  Parochial  Missionary  Association.  It  is  not  desirable 
to  combine  other  objects  or  agencies,  such  as  Home  Missions  or  local 
charities,  with  this.  It  should  be  kept  quite  distinct 

Neither  should  it  be  merely  an  informal  effort  on  the  part  of  a 
few.  A  public  meeting  should  be  called,  at  which  resolutions  should 
be  agreed  to,  forming  the  Association  and  pledging  the  meeting,  and 
the  parish  as  represented  by  the  meeting,  to  recognize  and  sustain  it 
At  our  first  meeting  two  resolutions  were  passed — the  one  recognizing 
the  duty  and  privilege  of  preaching  the  Gospel  to  every  creature,  and 
the  other,  that  every  parishioner  should  be  called  upon  and  invited  to 
subscribe.  Whether  the  Association  should  have  its  lay  President, 
or  other  officers,  depends  very  much  upon  local  circumstances.  In 

1* 


most  cases  the  entire  work  must  be  directed  by  the  clergyman,  who 
should  make  it  a  matter  of  conscience  to  conduct  it  with  the  same 
business-like  vigilance  which  a  principal  exercises  in  directing  the 
affairs  of  an  important  branch  of  a  mercantile  establishment.  There 
is  no  reason  why  MissiQuary  work,  vitalized  as  it  is  by  faith,  and  love 
and  hope,  should  not  be  conducted  with  as  much  method  and  punctu¬ 
ality  as  mercantile.  That  a  clergyman  or  a  collector  is  a  voluntary 
worker  in  this  special  field  of  labor  is  no  reason  why  he  should  not 
do  his  work  diligently  and  faithfully.  Rather,  because  his  work  is 
done  directly  for  God,  he  should  be  “not  slothful  in  business,  fervent 
in  spirit,  serving  the  Lord.” 

MEETING  OF  THE  ASSOCIATION. 

Then  the  Association  having  been  formed,  it  should  have  its  meet¬ 
ings.  How  frequently  tliese  should  be  held  depends  again  on  local 
circumstances.  But  where  a  parish  is  thoroughly  worked,  and  kept 
awake  in  other  respects,  a  multiplication  of  meetings  tends  to  defeat 
the  object  of  all.  The  attendance  of  a  Missionary  at  these  meetings 
is  a  great  help,  especially  with  non-reading  people.  They  have  seen 
the  man  who  has  seen  the  work.  At  the  Annual  Meeting,  a  succinct 
statement  should  be  given  of  the  year’s  work  in  the  parish,  without 
going  too  much  into  details,  especially  when  an  annual  report  is 
printed.  Of  course  there  should  he  a  collection. 

THE  CHIEF  WORK  OF  THE  ASSOCIATION. 

The  chief  work  of  the  Association  is  to  obtain  regular  subscrip¬ 
tions.  The  number  of  subscribers  in  an  association  is  a  far  truer  criterion 
of  interest  than  the  amount  of  subscription.  The  latter  may  be  aug¬ 
mented  largely  by  one  or  two  wealthy  contributors.  But  every  sub¬ 
scriber  represents  a  living  soul ;  and  a  shilling  subscription  may 
represent  a  heart  full  of  love  to  Christ,  which  cannot  be  gauged  by 
money. 

To  obtain  these  subscriptions  the  parish  should  be  divided  into 
districts  of  from  fifty  to  one  hundred  families,  and  a  collector  ap¬ 
pointed,  holding  herself  responsible  for  giving  every  person  in  that 
district  an  invitation  to  subscribe.  The  collectors  should  be  godly 
persons,  constant  communicants,  who  maintain  a  Christian  consist¬ 
ency  in  their  lives,  their  amusements,  and  their  dress. 

One  very  important  element  of  the  success  which  God  has  vouchsafed 
in  my  own  parish^  has  been  the  use  of  a  Canvass  Paper.  The  idea  arose 
from  the  practice  of  business  houses.  The  firm  send  out  their  “  ad- 
vdce  letters,”  announcing  to  their  customers  in  the  country  that  their 


o 

representative  will  call  upon  them  at  such  a  time.  The  tradesman  is 
then  ready  with  his  cash  and  his  order  when  the  traveler  calls.  In 
like  manner  the  parishioner,  having  received  and  read  the  canvass 
paper,  is  prepared  with  yea  or  nay  when  the  collector  calls.  Thus 
much  time  is  saved,  and  there  is  no  room  for  that  very  frequent 
answer,  “We  will  think  about  it.”  In  my  own  case  the  parish  is 
canvassed  thoroughly  every  alternate  year,  a  clause  being  always 
inserted  pleading  our  anxiety  that  no  parishioner  should  be  over¬ 
looked,  as  an  apology  for  apparent  importunity. 

MISSIONARY  BOXES. 

Another  branch  of  the  Association  is  the  issuing  of  hoooes.  These 
are  most  useful,  but  care  must  be  taken  lest  the  box  be  looked  upon 
rather  as  a  child’s  thing,  and  so  Missionary  work  come  to  be  consid¬ 
ered  as  children’s  work. 

SALES  OF  WORK. 

Again  the  Parochial  Association  opens  a  new  field  for  the 
encouragement  of  sales  of  work.  There  is,  of  course,  a  working 
party.  In  a  town  Association,  embracing  many  parishes,  such 
parties  are  necessarily  select;  but  a  parish  Association  reaches  all 
classes.  It  seeks  out  the  smaller  contributions.  The  poor  widow  is 
not  afraid  of  bringing  her  small  parcel  of  knitting ;  the  children  bring 
their  little  offerings ;  the  men  have  also  their  contributions.  W e 
have  had  handsome  turned  banner-screen  holders  and  candlesticksj 
bookstands,  paper  knives,  toys,  carpentry  of  various  kinds,  illumi¬ 
nated  texts,  &c.  It  is  a  great  thing  to  draw  in  the  men.  I  have  at 
this  moment  a  dozen  children’s  carts  and  wheelbarrows  in  my  house, 
made  by  a  joiner  in  his  evenings,  and  waiting  to  be  gratuitously 
adorned  by  our  parish  painter  with  the  orthodox  red  and  blue. 

From  these  sales  all  that  is  frivolous  is  discarded.  There  is  no 
raffling  nor  unfair  dealing.  They  open  and  close  with  prayer  and 
thanksgiving.  I  find  them  very  helpful  in  my  ministry.  In  a  town 
congregation  there  are  always  many  whom  the  clergyman  finds  it  im¬ 
possible  to  know.  These  generally  appear  at  the  sale,  and  become 
known  to  him ;  and  the  interest  which  the  sales  have  awakened  in 
the  work  of  God  is  no  light  blessing  in  the  parish. 

CHRISTMAS  CAROL  SINGING. 

The  young  men  of  our  Bible  classes  have  adopted  another  way 
of  advancing  the  cause.  It  is  the  custom  in  Yorkshire  to  form  parties 
of  singers,  who  go  forth  in  the  early  morning  of  Christmas  Day.  A 


4 


oiroular  is  previously  sent  and  called  for  to  ask  permission,  and  when 
this  is  granted  the  hymn  is  sung,  and  the  Christmas  gift  is  called  for 
afterwards.  This  is  usually  devoted  to  a  supper,  but  our  young  men 
give  it  to  the  Missionary  work.  They  meet  at  the  Vicarage  at  half¬ 
past  eleven  on  Christmas  Eve  for  coffee  and  cake,  and  arrangements 
are  made  for  further  supplies  of  like  refreshments  elsewhere  at  three 
and  six  o’clock.  All  this  is  conducted  with  the  utmost  seriousness, 
and  with  prayer  for  God’s  blessing  and  protection. 

CONCLUDING  EEMARKS, 

In  concluding  his  paper,  Mr.  Sampson  says  :  “  Though  I  am  far 
from  maintaining  that  the  same  method  will  produce  the  same  results 
in  all  places,  I  am  persuaded  that  the  effort  will  generally  be  attended 
with  a  blessing  where  the  clergyman  himself  is  seeking  to  be  a  bless¬ 
ing.  There  seems  to  be  a  greater  interest  in  all  good  works  in  pro¬ 
portion  as  men’s  hearts  are  interested  in  this  greatest  and  best  of  alL  ” 


GLEANINGS  FROM  THE  P'OREIGN  MISSIONARY  FIELD. 


These  gleanings  have  been  gathered  in  the  hope  that  they  will  be 
of  service  to  the  clergy  in  presenting  the  work  of  our  church  in  foreign 
lands  to  their  congregations.  They  are  printed  only  on  one  side,  that 
the  scissors  may  be  used  without  injury  to  the  text.  They  are  sent 
only  to  the  clergy.  Additional  copies  may  be  had  by  applying  to 

Rev.  WILLIAM  H.  HARE, 

23  Bible  House^  New  Yorh. 


Interesting  Instances  of  the  Beneficent  Results  of  Foreign 

Missionary  Work. 


Change  effected  at  Cavalla. — Connected  with  our  own  Mission 
in  Africa,  there  are  two  Christian  villages,  one  at  Cavalla,  the  other 
at  Hoffman  station.  The  dwellers  in  these  villages  are  converted 
natives^  wdio  are  properly  clothed,  and  who  dwell  in  houses  which 
form  a  considerable  contrast  to  the  native  huts.  “  The  contrast,”  says 
one  of  our  missionaries,  “  is  very  great  between  the  heathen  towns  and 
the  Christian  villages.  There^  murder  and  revenge  rule,  the  devil  is 
served,  and  not  God.  Here^  peace,  godliness  and  industry  prevail, 
Sunday  is  observed,  and  if  you  make  a  visit  on  Saturday,  you  will 
find  all  very  busy  making  preparation  for  the  Lord’s  day — the  floors 
of  their  houses  nicely  swept,  the  wood  neatly  piled,  the  dishes  and 
utensils  for  cooking  hung  around  the  walls,  the  rice  needed  for  the 
next  day  beaten  and  laid  by,  the  palm-nuts  gathered,  and  no  work  left 
for  Sunday.” 

General  Effects. — One  of  our  Missionaries  writes  of  the  Dey 
and  Vey  countries :  ‘‘Both  the  name  and  the  mission  of  the  Lord 
Jesus  Christ  are  known  by  numbers  of  persons  all  through  tliis 
country.  Yast  numbers  of  the  heathen  recognize  with  distinctness 
the  difference  between  paganism  and  the  Christian  faith.  All  the 
more  sanguinary  and  grosser  forms  of  paganism  have  already  disap. 
peared  in  the  tribes  bordering  on  Liberia,  so  that  the  traders  declare 
that  to  And  them  it  is  necessarv  to  go  far  into  the  interior.” 

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2 


What  has  been  accomplished  in  ouk  African  Mission. — Begun 
in  1835,  this  mission  has  struggled  on  througli  thirty-six  years  of 
almost  unparelleled  difficulties.  These  years,  however,  have  been 
fruittul  of  blessed  results.  The  special  characteristics  and  wants  of 
the  field,  as  well  as  its  special  dangers  and  the  best  means  of  meeting 
them,  have  been  learned.  The  Mission  has  been  doing  not  a  little  to 
educate  and  mould  an  interesting  colony,  which,  landed  upon  a  coast 
buried  in  a  perfect  night  of  moral  and  spiritual  darkness,  was  in  dan¬ 
ger  of  being  exterminated  or  absorbed  by  the  countless  multitude 
of  barbarians  of  their  own  race  and  color  by  whom  the  colonists  were 
surrounded,  but  which  is  now  the  hope  of  Africa.  The  Church  has 
been  planted  there.  Congregations  have  been  gathered  and  organized. 
Churches  have  been  built.  A  beginning  has  been  made  in  raising  up 
both  a  Liberian  and  a  Native  ministry.  Schools  for  adding  to  the  ranks 
of  this  indigenous  ministry  are  in  successful  operation.  The  faith  once 
delivered  to  the  Saints  as  taught  in  the  Scriptures,  and  explained  and 
embodied  in  the  Creeds  and  Liturgy  of  the  Church,  has  been  translated 
into  the  Grebo  tongue.  The  fundamental  truths  of  Christianity  have 
been  widely  disseminated,  and  enough  of  their  infiuence  felt  to  shake 
the  foundation  of  heathenism  even  where  the  Church  is  in  nowise 
established. 

Desire  for  Improvement  Awakened  by  the  Presence  of  the 
Gospel. — The  presence  of  Christianity  in  Liberia,  has  so  awakened  the 
native  tribes  to  a  sense  of  their  physical  and  mental  moral  wretched¬ 
ness,  that  they  plead  for  the  blessings  which  they  at  first  combined  to 
drive  from  their  shores.  The  kings  and  headmen  send  their  sons  from 
considerable  distances  to  our  Christian  schools,  begging  that  they  may 
be  taught.  Deputations  come  in  from  the  interior  asking  that  God- 
men  (as  they  style  the  Missionaries)  may  be  sent  to  teach  their  people. 
Igdeed,  to  secure  for  themselves  the  advantages  with  which  they 
know  Cliristian  civilization  has  blessed  the  Liberians,  is  a  perfect  pas¬ 
sion  with  many  of  the  natives.  The  late  Pev.  J.  K  Wilcox,  of  Bassa, 
in  describing  one  of  his  tours,  wrote:  Met  King  Freeman,  of  New- 

Cess  country,  this  afternoon.  He  assured  me  that  if  I  would  open  a 
school  in  his  town  that  lie  would  build  the  school-house  himself.’’ 

The  Rev.  Alex.  Crummell,  wwites :  “  The  truth  has  not  pene¬ 

trated  deep  ;  it  has  mainly  suggested  intellectual  desire ;  for  every¬ 
where  the  demand  was  for  schools  and  school-masters.  At  the  second 
town  which  I  visited,  an  old  man  followed  me  a  long  distance  from 
town,  importuning  me  in  the  most  serious,  solemn  manner  to  send  him 
a  teacher.  The  man’s  earnestness  startled  me.  ‘  But,  my  friend,’  I 


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said,  ‘  I  have  no  teacher  to  leave  here.  1  am  only  traveling  through 
the  country.’  ‘  But,’  was  his  reply,  in  very  clear  English,  ‘  but  your 
people  promised  me  a  school.  I  want  my  children  taught ;  and  you 
oui^ht  to  send  a  man  here.’  And  for  a  half-hour  he  kept  beside  me 
step  by  step,  urging  his  suit.” 

Of  an  interview  with  the  celebrated  Bomba,  one  of  the  kings,  he 
he  writes :  “  After  dinner  we  at  once  had  our  ‘  palaver ;’  first 

about  the  Oospel,  next  about  schools.  Without  entering  into  de¬ 
tails,  I  will  give  the  sum  of  the  conversation  in  the  ipsissima  verba 
of  the  king,  ‘  Ah,  Mr.  Crummell,  I  am  too  old  for  these  things  ;  but 
look  at  these  children  ;  take  them  all ;  put  them  in  your  schools,  and 
train  them  as  you  please.  I  will  build  you  a  school,  and  a  house  for 
your  Missionary,  and  give  as  much  land  as  you  please.” 

Testimony  of  a  Scotch  Seaman— A  seaman,  on  returning  home 
to  Scotland,  after  a  cruise  in  the  Pacific,  was  asked,  ‘‘  Do  you  think  the 
Missionaries  have  done  any  good  in  the  South  Sea  Islands?”  I  will 
tell  you  a  fact  which  speaks  for  itself,”  said  the  sailor.  Last  year  I 
was  wrecked  on  one  of  those  islands,  where  I  knew  that,  eight  years 
before,  a  ship  was  wrecked  and  the  crew  murdered ;  and  you  may 
judge  how  I  felt  at  the  prospect  before  me;  if  not  dashed  to  pieces  on 
the  rocks,  to  survive  for  only  a  more  cruel  death.  When  day  broke 
we  saw  a  number  of  canoes  pulling  for  our  ship,  and  we  were  pre¬ 
pared  for  the  worst.  Think  of  our  joy  and  wonder  when  we  saw  the 
natives  in  English  dress,  and  heard  some  of  them  speak  in  the  English 
language.  On  that  very  island  the  next  Sunday  we  heard  the 
Gospel  ^preached.  I  do  not  know  what  you  think  of  Missions,  but  . 
I  know  what  I  do.” 

Massacres  Prevented — Trade  and  Civilized  Arts  Increasing-. — 
Formerly,  the  west  coast  of  Africa  was  quite  unsafe  for  trading  vessels, 
and  ‘the  massacre  of  those  on  board  of  them  was  not  an  infrequent 
occurrence.  About  twenty  years  ago,  the  natives  ot  a  part  of  the  coast 
which  IS  now  included  in  Liberia,  killed  all  the  persons  on  board  a  foreign 
vessel  except  a  boy  who  hid  himself  in  the  hold.  When  this  boy  was 
compelled  to  come  forth  from  his  hiding  place  and  go  ashore,  some  of 
the  natives  wdio  had  visited  our  Mission  Station  at  Oavalla,  took  pity  on 
him,  and  through  their  efforts  his  life  was  spared,  and  he  was  directed 
how  to  find  our  Missionaries.  He  was  of  course  kindly  received  by 
the  latter,  and  was  by  them  instructed  in  the  truths  of  our  holy  re¬ 
ligion.  He  became  an  earnest  Christian,  then  a  candidate  for  orders, 
and  then  a  preacher  of  the  Gospel  to  those  very  natives  who  had  killed 
all  his  fellow  voyagers.  Massacres  similar  to  the  above  took  place  on 


4 


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many  parts  of  the  African  coast.  They  were  often  occasioned,  it  is 
true,  by  wrongs  inflicted  on  the  natives  by  foreign  slave-traders  and 
others ;  but  wherever  Missionary  labors  have  extended,  these  retalia¬ 
tions  do  not  take  place,  and  the  establishment  of  Missions  has  proved 
to  be  a  most  effectual  method  of  putting  an  end  to  the  slave  trade 
itself,  and  of  greatly  extending  honorable  commerce  on  the  African 
coast. 

The  venerable  Robert  Moffatt  has  been  some  time  past  at  the  in¬ 
terior  station  of  Kururnan,  Africa,  and  in  an  address  since  his  return 
home,  he  said  : 

It  was  not  very  long  since  it  was  considered  a  most  dangerous 
experiment  to  travel  in  the  interior ;  in  fact,  it  was  not  safe  to  go 
half-a-dozen  miles  from  the  Mission  station.  Now  he  was  happy  to 
say,  through  the  influence  of  the  Missionaries  the  natives  had  been  so 
far  brought  into  a  state  of  civilization  that  they  could  be  depended 
upon,  and  it  was  now  quite  common  for  traders  and  others  to  travel 
through  the  very  midst  of  the  natives,  without  the  least  fear  of  being 
plundered  or  interrupted.  It  would  be  remembered  that  in  former 
times  traders  were  often  basely  murdered  by  the  natives,  and  people 
who  went  into  their  midst  were  not  permitted  to  return ;  but  now  all 
fears  had  been  dispelled.  Formerly,  the  natives  would  not  buy  of 
the  traders,  not  so  much  as  a  pocket-handkerchief,  unless,  perhaps,  a 
few  beads  or  trinkets.  Now,  seventy  thousand  pounds  worth  of 
British  manufactures  pass  3^early  into  the  hands  of  the  native  tribes 
near  and  about  Kururnan.  Again,  there  was  a  time  in  our  station 
wdien  'there  was  but  a  solitary  plough,  and  that  was  the  Missionary 
plough,  a  Dutch  one,  and  a  very  clumsy  thing  to  boot.  Now  the 
natives  have  their  ploughs  by  hundreds.  There  was  a  time  when  the 
man,  the  lord  of  creation,  would  select  for  himself  such  a  choice  work  as' 
sitting  under  the  shadow  of  a  tree,  while  his  wife  worked  in  a  fleld 
from  morning  to  night  with  a  heavy  pick.  Now  she  has  the  comfort 
of  seeing  him  plough  his  fleld.  Now  the  very  people  who  formerly 
would  beat  any  Northerner  in  taking  care  of  his  bawbees,  show  a 
wonderful  liberality. 

Kindness  to  the  Crew  of  the  “  All  Serene.” — Two  years 
ago,  the  ship  “  All  Serene,”  while  on  a  voyage  from  Vancouver’s  Island 
to  Sydney,  was  capsized  when  about  four  hundred  miles  from  the  Fiji 
group.  The  crew  constructed  a  rude  punt  from  portions  of  the  wreck. 
In  this  they  were  exposed  to  fearful  hardships  for  seventeen  days 
hunger  and  thirst  producing  madness,  and  causing  the  death  of  thirteen 
of  their  number.  Finally,  the  punt  drifted  ashore  upon  Kandava,  the 


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southernmost  island  of  the  Fiji  group,  aud  the  eighteen  survivors  just 
managed  to  crawl  over  the  sharp  coral  reefs,  anticipating  a  still  more 
dreadful  end  to  their  sufferings,  under  the  idea  that  they  had  arrived 
among  cannibals.  The  natives  of  Kandava,  however,  on  this  occasion 
testified  in  a  marked  manner  the  great  change  that  has  been  wrought 
among  them  by  the  introduction  of  Christianity.  They  assisted  and 
carried  these  poor  men  to  their  houses,  fed  and  nursed  them,  and 
washed  and  dressed  their  wounds.  A,  day  or  two  afterward,  two 
Missionaries,  resident  at  Kandava,  took  charge  of  the  sufferers.  The 
Kev.  James  Calvert,  of  Fiji,  remarking  upon  this  event,  at  a  meeting 
in  London,  said :  When  we  bear  in  mind  that  the  invariable  custom 
of  the  Fiji  Islanders  was  to  eat  the  bodies  of  those  who  happened  to  be 
shipwrecked  on  their  shores,  whether  white  or  black,  though  I  believe 
they  do  not  like  the  taste  of  a  white  man  so  well  as  they  do  that  of  a  pure 
native,  I  think  you  will  admit  that  this  circumstance  is  of  great  sig¬ 
nificance.  Had  one  hundred  white  men  landed  on  those  shores  ten  or 
fifteen  years  ago,  every  one  of  them  would  to  a  certainty  have  been 
killed  and  cooked.” 

Wreck  of  the  Ophelia. — More  recently  still,  the  Ophelia,  a 
German  vessel  from  China,  was  wrecked  on  the  island  of  Atahn.  The 
vessel  became  a  complete  wreck,  but  the  crew  were  saved  ;  they  were 
of  course  entirely  in  the  power  of  the  natives,  and  indeed,  to  a  great 
extent,  dependent  upon  them  for  subsistence.  The  natives  received 
the  shipwrecked  strangers  to  their  homes,  and  for  eight  or  nine  months, 
during  which  they  were  detained  on  the  island,  they  shared  with  them 
whatever  they  possessed,  helped  them  to  save  what  could  be  saved  from 
the  wreck,  and  lent  all  the  assistance  in  their  power  to  building  a 
vessel  in  which  to  get  to  Samoa. 

- - 

Interesting  Incidents  in  onr  Missionary  Field. 


Thanksgiving  Day  in  our  Mission  in  Africa. — Thanksgiving 
is  always  a  season  of  rejoicing  at  our  Mission  stations,  the  native 
Christians,  old  and  young,  having  been  taught  to  offer  thanksgiving 
to  God  for  the  fruits  of  the  earth,  and  all  the  other  blessings  of  His 
merciful  providence. 

Early  on  the  morning  of  the  appointed  day  the  contributions 
begin  to  flow  in.  The  little  boys  bring  a  fowl,  a  few  cassavas,  small 
bunches  of  rice,  or  a  pocket-handkerchief.  Then  come  the  school¬ 
girls,  with  similar  offerings.  Is  ext,  the  Christian  natives  bring  a  few 


yards  of  cloth,  palm-nuts,  or  rice,  according  to  their  ability.  On  one 
occasion  one  of  the  native  teachers  gave  a  whole  month’s  salary.  On 
another  day,  from  the  Mission  garden  was  sent  a  fine  lot  of  fruit  and 
vegetables,  such  as  guavas,  cocoa-nuts,  bananas  and  pineapples ;  to- 
matos,  radishes,  &c. 

These  offerings  are  generally  brought  to  the  native  chapel ;  each 
as  he  enters  places  his  gift  on  a  table ;  an  appropriate  sermon  is  then 
preached  and,  after  the  morning  services  are  concluded,  the  children 
of  the  Sunday  and  day-schools  are  formed  in  a  procession,  carrying 
suitable  banners.  They  march  through  the  town  to  some  favorite 
spot,  where  they  halt  and  are  refreshed  with  cake  and  lemonade. 
Gift  books  and  rewards  of  merit  are  then  distributed  to  the  children, 
and  the  performances  are  closed  with  short  addresses  and  prayer. 

The  whole  scene  is  pleasing  and  peculiarly  refreshing  in  a  heathen 
land.  The  boys  frequently  bear  in  their  hands  branches  of  palm 
trees,  and  the  girls  flowers  from  the  oleander  trees,  and  pure  white 
lilies.  Trifling  and  unimportant  as  these  little  festivities  may  seem 
to  Christians  in  a  civilized  country,  they  have  undoubtedly  a  great 
influence  for  good  over  the  savage  “  children  of  a  larger  growth”  in 
Africa.  Even  the  rudest  heathen  parents  love  to  see  their  children 
trained  to  the  habits  of  civilized  and  refined  people.  We  have  some¬ 
times  heard  them  say,  be  too  old  to  learn  ourselves;  but  there 
are  our  boys,  take  them  and  teach  them  white  man’s  fashion.  We 
like  that.  We  want  them  to  learn  God’s  Book.” 

Stino  of  Death  Removed. — Joseph  Stimpson,  a  native,  who, 
during  his  stay  at  the  Hoffman  Institute,  had  become  a  candidate  for 
the  Ministry,  died  March  9th,  1871.  His  departure  was  a  great  loss 
to  the  Mission.  Hot  only  did  he  promise  to  become  a  useful  Mis¬ 
sionary  to  his  people,  but  he  was  already  an  efficient  teacher.  He 
died  in  childlike  trust  in  the  grace  of  God  in  Jesus  Christ.  While 
heathen  people  set  up  a  wailing  of  despair  at  his  grave,  the  Chris¬ 
tians  sang  with  a  loud  voice,  “  Glory  be  to  God  on  high,  and  on  earth 
peace,  good  will  to  men.” 

Case  at  Kong- Wan. — The  Rev.  R.  Nelson  recently  wrote  from 
Shanghai: — At  our  Kong-Wan  station,  five  miles  hence,  we  have 
every  now  and  then  cases  of  interest,  the  details  of  which,  I  often 
think,  Christians  in  America  might  like  to  hear;  and  then  the  appre¬ 
hension  arises  that  these  things  that  interest  us  may  be  such  as  they 
would  not  care  to  hear.  However,  I  will  venture  on  one  or  two  items. 
There  is  a  woman  in  the  outskirts  of  the  town,  now  a  candidate  for  bap¬ 
tism,  who  showed  her  first  concern  about  ‘  this  new  doctrine  whereof 


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we  speak,’  by  telling  Ting  (the  catechist)  that  her  mother,  recently 
dead,  and  who  had  formerly  been  of  a  sect  who  rely  mostly  on  the 
merits  of  abstaining  from  all  animal  food,  towards  the  close  of  her  life 
had  given  up  this  reliance,  and  having  heard,  or  heard  of,  this  new 
doctrine — I  do  not  know  how,  or  where,  or  to  what  extent — accepted 
it,  and  before  dying  urged  her  daughter,  a  married  woman,  to  go  to 
the  teacher  of  it  there  and  join  that  religion,  and  she  seems  sincerely 
and  earnestly  intent  on  it.  The  case  suggests  that  more  of  the  good 
seed  sown  among  these  heathens  than  we  know  anything  of,  may 
spring  up  and  bear  fruit  of  salvation  to  sinners,  and  of  glory  to  the 
Saviouk.” 

Out  of  the  Mouth  of  Babes. — The  Christmas  exercises  last 
year,  in  our  School  at  Athens,  were  particularly  interesting.  Besides 
the  recitation  from  the  Gospel  narratives,  there  were  selections 
from  the  prophecies  respecting  the  advent  of  the  Saviour,  wdth 
their  fulfilment.  A  copy  of  the  questions,  with  the  scriptural  an¬ 
swers,  was  given  to  the  gentlemen  at  whose  house  the  priests  were 
to  prepare  their  Sunday  Wessons.  It  is  probable  that  they  were 
the  subject  of  examination  at  the  meeting  that  followed ;  for  on 
the  Sunday  after,  at  one  of  the  parish  Churches,  the  priest  took 
occasion  to  speak  of  the  birth  of  Christ,  which  the  Church  was 
then  celebrating,  and  told  them  that  this  great  event  had  been  fore¬ 
told  by  the  prophets.  A  little  girl  belonging  to  our  Mission  spoke 
and  said  that  Isaiah  had  prophesied  respecting '  Christ,  and  imme¬ 
diately  repeated  the  passages  she  had  learned.  The  priest  listened  to 
her  with  astonishment,  gave  her  his  blessing,  and  asked  her  mother, 
who  is  a  teacher  in  our  school,  where  she  had  learned  this  Scripture. 
Her  mother  told  him,  and  then  called  her  little  son,  a  boy  of  five  years 
old,  and  made  him  repeat  what  he  had  learned  about  the  birth  of  the 
Saviour.  The  priest  said  to  the  mother  :  “  I  must  come  and  see  you. 
I  can  learn  much  from  the  lessons  these  children  are  taught.” 

- - 

Foreign  Missions  a  Blessing"  to  the  Church  at  Home. 


What  the  Church  needs  above  all  now  is  not  money,  men,  or 
buildings,  but  faith.  Our  danger  is  materialism.  We  are  drifting 
away  from  all  that  is  supernatural  in  Christianity,  and  thus  are  losing 
that  power  w'hich  only  living  faith  in  the  supernatural  can  give. 

There  is  nothing  which  tends  more  surely  to  provoke  and 
strengthen  this  much-needed  faith  than  the  sight  of  the  devotion  and 


8 


self-sacrifice  in  a  noble  cause,  which  only  faith  in  the  things  which 
are  not  seen  can  give.  The  annals  of  our  Foreign  Missionary  work 
are  replete  with  instances  of  this  devotion,  and  self-sacrifice,  and  the 
Church  would  be  stronger  for  all  her  work,  if  her  members  were 
more  familiar  with  them. 

One  of  the  Missionaries  of  our  Church  in  Africa,  who  was  spared 
to  labor  there  but  a  few  months,  is  reported  as  testifying  to  her 
Lord,  in  her  last  hours  as  ‘  chiefest  among  ten  thousand  and  alto¬ 
gether  lovely,’  ”  and  declaring,  “  1  have  no  regret  that  I  am  engaged 
in  this  cause.  I  never  experienced  so  much  happiness  before,  and  1 
die  with  the  assurance  that  I  am  in  the  path  of  duty.” 

Another,  also  a  female,  of  great  meekness  and  simplicity  of  charac¬ 
ter  and  of  untiring  devotion,  who  was  seized  with  the  acclimating  fever 
almost  immediately  on  her  arrival  in  Africa,  testified  in  her  last  ill¬ 
ness,  The  happiness  of  living  and  laboring  in  this  benighted  land 
will  be  yours,  but  I  must  die.  Tell  my  friends  in  America  that  I  feel 
no  regret  for  coming  to  Africa.”  Then  she  expired,  with  an  audible 
prayer  for  the  success  of  the  Mission. 

Another,  who  was  removed  to  a  better  world  a  few  months  after 
his  arrival  in  Africa,  some  days  before  his  death  declared,  I 
thought  that  in  coming  to  Africa  I  was  in  the  path  of  duty,  and  that 
I  could  be  happy  in  no  other  field  of  labor.  My  mind  is  still  un¬ 
changed,  and,  should  I  now  be  taken  away,  I  can  see  no  reason  for 
regretting  that  I  came.  My  feelings,  in  view  of  death,  are  those  of 
happiness,  and  the  only  regret  I  can  have  is  the  discouraging  effect  it 
may  have  on  others.”  And  when  subsequently  asked  whether  it  was 
his  opinion  that  the  Mission  should  be  sustained,  he  replied,  Oh,  yes  ; 
a  great  work  has  already  been  done,  and  a  greater  still  is  to  be  done.” 


Independent  Testimony  to  the  value  of  Foreign  Missions. 


Testimony  of  Capt.  Speke. — The  distinguished  traveler.  Captain 
Speke,  testified  on  his  return  to  England,  that,  unaided  by  Mission¬ 
aries  on  shore,  foreign  ships  of  war  on  the  coast  were  ineffectual  in 
putting  an  end  to  the  slave  trade.  This  eminent  explorer  was  a  great 
advocate  for  Missionary  labor  and  a  liberal  contributor  to  the  cause. 

Testimony  of  Dr.  Kane. — “  Before  Missionaries  came  to  Green¬ 
land  it  was  unsafe  for  vessels  to  touch  upon  the  coast ;  but  now  it  is 
safer  for  the  wrecked  mariner  than  many  parts  of  our  own  coast.” 

Testimony  of  Lord  Lawrence. — Lord  Lawrence,  late  Governor- 


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General  of  India,  said,  ‘  That  if  there  was  any  body  of  Englishmen  who 
might  be  said  to  go  to  that  country  with  pure  motives  and  without 
an)"  self-interest,  it  was  the  Missionaries,  for  they  suffered  many 
privations,  and  to  his  knowledge  sometimes  lost  their  lives  among  the 
people  for  whose  benefit  they  had  done  every  thing  they  could.  Much 
as  England  had  done  for  India,  the  Missionaries  had  done  more  for  her 
lier  agencies  combined.’ 

Testimony  of  Darwin. — In  a  volume  by  Darwin,  entitled 
Journal  of  Researches  into  the  Natural  History  and  Geology  of  the 
Countries  visited  during  the  voyage  of  H.  M.  S.  Beagle  round  the 
world,  under  the  command  of  Captain  Fitzroy,”  speaking  of  Tahiti, 
Mr.  Darwin  writes : 

Thus  seated,  it  was  a  sublime  spectacle  to  watch  the  shades  of 
night  gradually  obscuring  the  last  and  highest  pinnacles.  Before  we 
lay  down  to  sleep,  the  elder  Tahitian  fell  on  his  knees,  and,  with 
closed  eyes,  repeated  a  long  prayer  in  his  native  tongue.  He  prayed 
as  a  Christian  should  do,  with  fitting  reverence,  and  without  the  fear 
of  ridicule,  or  any  ostentation  of  piety.  At  our  meals,  neither  of  the 
men  would  taste  food  without  saying  beforehand  a  short  grace.  Those 
travelers  who  think  that  a  Tahitian  prays  only  when  the  eyes  of  the 
Missionary  are  fixed  on  him,  sliould  have  slept  with  us  that  night  on 
the  mountain  side. 

One  of  my  impressions,  which  I  took  from  the  two  last  authorities, 
was  decidedly  incorrect,  viz.,  that  the  Tahitians  had  become  a  gloomy 
race,  and  lived  in  fear  of  the  Missionaries.  Of  the  latter  feeling  I 
saw  no  trace,  unless,  indeed,  fear  and  respect  be  confounded  under  one 
name.  Instead  of  discontent  being  a  common  feeling,  it  would  be 
difficult  in  Europe  to  piek  out  of  a  crowd  half  so  many  merry  and 
happy  faces. 

On  the  whole,  it  appears  to  me  that  the  morality  and  religion  of 
the  inhabitants  are  highly  creditable.  There  are  many  who  attack, 
even  hnore  acrimoniously  than  Kotzebue,  both  the  Missionaries,  their 
system,  and  the  effects  produced  by  it.  Such  reasoners  never  compare 
the  present  state  with  that  of  the  island  only  twenty  years  ago,  nor 
even  with  that  of  Europe  at  this  day  ;  but  they  compare  it  with  the 
high  standard  of  Gospel  perfection.  They  expect  the  Missionaries  to 
effect  that  which  the  Apostles  themselves  failed  to  do.  Inasmuch  as 
the  condition  of  the  people  falls  short  of  this  high  standard,  blame  is 
attached  to  the  Missionary,  instead  of  credit  for  that  which  he  has 
efiected.  They  forget,  or  will  not  remember,  that  human  sacrifices, 
and  the  power  of  an  idolatrous  priesthood — a  system  of  profligacy 


1 


10 


unparalleled  in  any  other  part  of  the  world — infanticide,  a  coiise- 
(pience  of  that  system  of  bloody  wars,  where  the  conquerors  spared 
neither  women  nor  children — that  these  have  been  abolished  ;  and 
that  dislionesty,  intemperance  and  licentiousness  have  been  greatly 
reduced^y  the  introduction  of  Christianity.  In  a  voyager  to  forget 
these  things  is  base  ingratitude ;  for  should  he  chance  to  be  at  the 
point  of  shipwreck  on  some  unknown  coast,  he  will  most  devoutly 
pray  that  the  lessons  of  the  Missionary  may  have  extended  thus  far. 


JAPAN. 


Si*ENDiNG  AND  Being  Spent. — The  Bev.  Artliur  R.  Morris,  of  the 
Diocese  of  New  Jersey,  having  received  an  appointment  by  the  Foreign 
Committee  as  a  Missionary  to  Japan,  embarked  eii  route  for  that  coun¬ 
try,  via  England,  on  the  8th  of  February.  Mr.  Morris  purposes  to  de¬ 
vote  himself  permanently  to  that  work.  For  prudential  reason,  how¬ 
ever,  he  prefers  to  make  trial  of  the  field  for  two  years,  without  ex¬ 
pense  to  the  Hoard  of  Missions^  to  satisfy  himself  of  his  fitness  for 
the  work. 

New  Life  in  Japan. — Japan  presents  the  interesting  spectacle  of 
a  nation  shut  up  for  ages  from  the  Western  World,  and  bound  hand 
and  foot  with  the  traditions  of  the  past,  bursting  its  bonds  and  throw¬ 
ing  open  its  doors  to  the  new  life  of  the  present  day. 

A  Missionary  writes  :  -‘There  is  a  rage  for  English  education.  In 
Yedo  alone  it  is  estimated  there  are  over  three  thousand  pupils.  Tlie 
Kai-Sei-Jo  University  expects  to  have  that  number  alone;  then  there 
is  the  Aledical  College,  and  the  Naval  xlcademy,  and  several  private 
schools,  having  three  hundred  each.  These  latter,  private  schools, 
are  kept  by  educated  natives,  some  of  them  former  pupils.  They  have 
no  school  on  Sunday,  and  one  school  uses  ‘  Wayland’s  Moral  Science.’ 
In  several  of  the  provinces,  and  in  all  the  ports,  there  are  schools  with 
one  or  more  foreign  teachers.  A  second  step  of  progress  is  the  ma¬ 
terial  improvement  taking  place  in  the  country.  Light-houses  mark 
the  coast,  steamboats  ply  on  their  bays  and  rivers,  owned  and  manned 
by  natives,  the  telegraphs  between  Yokohama  and  Yedo,  and  Kiobe, 
and  Osaka  are  in  operation,  and  the  railroad  between  the  former 
places  will  soon  be  done,  and  routes  are  being  surveyed  in  other  parts 
of  the  country.  But  independent  of  steam  communication,  horses  and 
carriages  are  used  most  extensively  by  natives,  and  the  great  Tokaido, 
the  chief  road  from  Yokohama  to  Yedo,  is  alive  witli  vehicles.  A 


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11 


third  mark  of  ])rogress  is  doing  away  with  the  pomp  and  retinue  of 
former  times.  It  is  very  common  to  meet  the  liigliest  Kuges  (lords) 
and  Daimios  (princes)  riding  on  horse-back  witli  but  a  few  attendants. 
Tlie  same  spirit  shows  itself  in  destroying  the  fine  towers  of  the  castle 
at  Yedo.  It  is  a  pity  to  see  this  dismantling,  but  it  is  a  mark  of  pro¬ 
gress.  A  fourth  mark  of  progress  is  not  only  the  increased  number 
of  Japanese  going  abroad,  and  princes  and  lords  being  of  that  number, 
but  in  the  government  sending  representatives  to  foreign  courts.” 

Such  a  representative  now  resides  at  the  capital  of  this  country. 
The  second  assistant  Minister  of  Finance  of  the  Empire,  with  an  ex¬ 
tensive  suite,  came  some  months  ago  to  our  shores  to  visit  our  mint, 
to  study  our  revenue  laws  and  to  inform  himself  generally  regarding 
our  financial  system,  and  it  is  recently  reported  that  the  Japanese 
Government  announces  a  new  system  of  national  coinage  of  gold 
and  silver,  to  correspond  with  the  American  system,  the  yew  or 
dollar  being  the  unit. 

The  Probable  Result  and  Present  Status. —  That  the  final 
results  of  this  movement  will  be  favorable  to  the  introduction  of 
Christianity  cannot  perhaps  be  doubted  ;  but  the  hopes,  which  facts 
like  the  above  engendered,  that  a  free  field  would  soon  be  opened 
for  the  publishing  of  the  Gospel,  have  not  yet  been  realized.  The 
opposition  to  the  Gospel  seems  to  be  as  strong  as  ever,  and  the 
edicts  against  converts  to  it  have  recently  been  put  into  execution 
with  remorseless  cruelty. 


The  Condition  and  Prospects  of  Christianity  in  China. 

1st.  As  they  Apueak  to  a  Native  Missionary.  Our  faithful 
Chinese  Presbyter,  Rev.  Ngan  Yung  Kiung,  in  a  recent  letter,  after 
expressing  his  gratitude  for  the  interest  shown  by  Christians  in  his 
heathen  fellow-countrymen,  writes:  “As  to  ourselves,  holding  our 
commission  from  above  and  from  the  Church,  we  dare  not  but  be 
faithful  in  our  daily  work  ;  but,  yet,  alas !  our  progress  is  slow. 
AVould  that  it  could  be  quickened  thirty-fold,  sixt3"-fold,  yea,  a 
hundred-fold  !  And  for  myself,  individually,  who  come  in  and  go 
out  among  my  people,  my  heart  longs  for  the  downfall  of  idolatry 
and  the  triumph  of  the  Messiah’s  kingdom.  But,  be  the  retarding 
causes  what  they  may,  it  is  a  satisfaction  to  me,  that  I  am  spread¬ 
ing  the  truth  of  ‘Christ  and  Him  crucified.’  It  must  not  be  for¬ 
gotten,  that  Missionary  work  has  a  secondary  influence,  and  brings 


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forth  what  I  inay  call  hidden  FJiurrs.  Fur,  is  the  iiaine  of  Jesus 
becoming  better  and  more  widely  known  ?  Is  faith  in  idols  giving 
way?  If  it  is,  a  secondary  influence  is  at  work  which  is  fraught 
with  hopes  for  the  future.  I  am  not  far  from  the  truth  when  I 
say  that  a  large  number  of  my  hearers  have  had  their  minds  so 
aroused  by  the  truth  that,  were  the}"  in  different  circumstances  they 
would  not  hesitate  to  embrace  it  openly.  Feeble  as  our  visible 
results  may  be,  no  one  can  deny  that  the  name  of  Jesus  is  becoming 
more  widely  known.  It  is  a  comfort  to  us  to  know  thatfor  every 
one  who  is  baptized  there  are  hundreds  who  are  more  or  less 


‘pricked  in  their  heart,’  and  this  conviction  will,  in  God’s  appointed 
time,  work  out  its  destiny.  Hitherto,  there  have  been  but  three  reli¬ 
gions  known  to  the  Chinese  (Buddhism,  Tauism,  and  Confucianism). 
To  day,  however,  Christianity  is  a  recognized  fact.” 

2d.  As  THEY  APPEAR  TO  A  FoREIGN  MISSIONARY. - The  Bev.  S.  B.  J. 

Hoyt,  one  of  our  missionaries  at  Wuchang,  lately  wrote  :  “  That  labor¬ 
ers  are  needed  liere  is  very  certain,  that  strong  earnest  men  are 
needed  is  equally  certain.  We  are  very  weak  to-day,  and  have  no 
encouragement  for  to-mori-ow  from  the  Church  at  home,  and  I  doiib. 
the  Committee’s  sending  another  man  to  the  field  ;  indeed  I  hear  they 
have  been  driven  to  the  thought  of  diminishing  the  force  already  here.* 
But  I  cannot  think  so  meanly  of  the  Church  as  that  she  can  allow  such 
a  thing.  Better  abandon  everything  than  go  on  with  so  crippled  a  force  ; 
for  unless  we  mean  to  keej)  pace  with  the  vantage  gained,  we  are  sure 
to  spend  our  mite  amiss.  Every  day  is  bringing  us  nearer  to  the 
triumph  of  the  Gospel.  Others  will  go  before  us,  and  get  the  blessing. 
Not  many  years  are  to  pass  before  there  will  be  a  reformation  of  this 
great  empire.  Then  the  Gospel  will  have  an  opportunity  of  proving 
the  rottenness  of  men’s  devices.  Will  the  Church  educate  herself  for 
her  work,  and  be  in  readiness  then  ?  Not  unless  she  shall  awake  to  a 
sense  of  her  privileges,  and  give  a  hearty  support  to  the  work  she  can 
now  do.  Oh  !  that  our  brethren,  when  they  pray,  ‘  Thy  kingdom 
come,’  would  get  their  thoughts  beyond  the  walls  of  their  own  little 
temple,  beyond  the  horizon  of  their  own  neighborhood.  *  *  *  If 

I  be  slain  to-morrow  let  not  the  Church  waste  her  strength  with  one 
groan  for  mc^  but  let  her  mourn  for  the  evil  that  is  here  to  be  over¬ 
come,  and  let  her  put  forth  her  strength  for  the 

A  tittude  of  the  Chinp:se  Pp:ople. — The  Missionaries  unite  in  say- 


*  There  has  been  ground  for  such  torel)odings.  There  is  none  at  this  date.  CUmI  gmit 
that  there  never  may  be ! 


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ing  that  the  people  are  not  of  themselves  at  all  niifrienclly  to  their 
work,  but  rather  the  contraiy.  All  hostility  is  the  creation  of  the 
Mandarins,  who  fear  in  the  success  of  the  Gospel  the  downfall  of  their 
own  pre-eminence. 

Retakding  Influences. — These  are  the  same  in  a  great  degree  a& 
those  which  hinder  the  hearty  acceptance  of  the  Gospel  in  our  own 
land.  Writes  the  Rev.  ’Ngan  Yung  Kiung  :  There  is  at  this  moment 
a  vast  disproportion  between  Christians  and  heathens.  There  are,  by 
the  latest  returns,  only  5743  Protestant  Cliristians  in  the  whole  country. 
A  man  entei’s  our  chapel,  hears  the  Gospel,  understands  it,  and  is  con¬ 
vinced  ;  he  goes  out,  and  is  thrown  in  a  heathen  throng ;  he  finds  no 
sympathy,  no  kindred  mind  to  utter  a  word  of  encouragement,  no  friend 
to  break  in  more  light ;  the  truth  languishes,  and  his  mind  is  lulled  to 
indifference  and  inaction.  But  it  would  be  well  if  this  negative  disad¬ 
vantage  were  all.  Said  a  man  to  me,  ‘  I  know  Christianity  is  true^ 
and  I  ought  to  embrace  it,  but  my  relatives  and  friends  will  oppose 
and  persecute  me,  if  I  do  so.  How  can  I,’  added  he,  ^  be  a  Christian  in 
the  face  of  so  great  a  hostilitj^  V  Said  another  whom  I  called  upon  on 
Chinese  JSTew  Year,  ‘I  cannot  go  contrary  to  my  parents.’ 


Interesting  Incidents  of  the  Missionary  Work  in  China. 

A  Delightful  Service  at  the  Opening  of  a  Chapel  at  Wu¬ 
chang. — We  had  a  most  delightful  service  writes  one  our  mission¬ 
aries,  at  the  time  of  opening  the  ‘‘  Chapel  of  the  Nativity,'’  just  built 
by  means  of  the  generous  donations  of  native  Christians  and  a  few 
foreigners.  Mr.  Hohing  brought  his  school  (his  school  of  singers) 
over  with  him,  and  to  these  lads,  with  the  larger  boys  from  our  own 
school,  were  given  the  front  seats — next  to  them  were  eight  or  ten  wo. 
men — the  men  occupying  the  back  slips.  A  hundred  and  twenty 
or  thirty  were  present,  filling  the  little  Chapel  to  its  utmost  capacity. 
So  difficult  a  matter  is  it  to  have  any  interview  with  the  women 
of  China,  and  in  particular  to  get  them  to  appear  in  a  congregation  of 
men,  that  it  was  a  cheering  sight  to  behold  so  goodly  a  number  pres¬ 
ent.  But  more  cheering  still  was  it,  to  see  four  of  these  women  go 
forward,  with  six  men,  to  the  baptismal  font,  to  be  signed  with  the  sign 
of  the  Cross.  M’^e  have  now,  families  of  Christians.  We  have  the 
household  of  the  teacher,  “  Yu,”  the  family  of  the  carpenter,  ‘‘  Kiang,” 
and  of  the  tailor,  “  Yuen.” 

Easter  Sp:r vices  at  Shanghai. — Bishop  Williams  writes  :  Our 


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14 


Piaster  Services  (1871)  were  very  interesting.  As  is  customary  on 
Easter  Day,  our  converts  were  all  gathered  together  at  Christ  Church 
in  this  city.  On  the  streets,  from  the  gate  to  the  Church,  small  parties 
were  passed  wending  their  way  towards  the  Church.  Just  as  I  entered 
he  gate,  I  saw  a  number  of  women,  ten  or  twelve,  one  of  whom  was 
from  Kong- Wan,  a  town  about  seven  miles  from  the  Church.  Others 
were  from  Tsa  Ka  Pang  a  distance  of  nearly  four  miles.  Several  other 
parties  of  three  or  four  were  passed,  and  near  the  Church  I  overtook 
one  of  the  day-school  teachers,  marching  his  scholars  along,  two 
and  two. 

The  Church  was  already  well  tilled  when  I  reached  there,  and  it 
was  found  necessaiy  to  place  benches  in  the  alleys.  Even  then  man}^ 
of  the  congregation  were  compelled  to  stand  all  through  the  services. 
We  have  no  instrument  in  this  Church,  and  the  chanting  of  the  Easter 
*  Anthem,  ‘‘  Christ,  our  Passovp:r,”  was  not  at  all  well  done.f  The 
Easter  Hymn  was  sung  much  better,  and  with  far  more  heartiness. 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Wong  took  most  of  the  service,  and  I  preached  the 
sermon  and  consecrated  the  elements.  There  were  one  hundred  and 
thirteen  (113)  communicants  present.  As  must  always  be  the  case, 
some  well-known  faces  were  missed,  being  detained  at  home  from 
distance,  sickness,  absence  from  Shanghai  and  other  causes.  Some 
came  verv  lono;  distances.  One  convert  walked  fourteen  or  fifteen 
miles,  and  brought  along  with  him  a  goodly  number  (*f  his  relatives, 
some  of  whom  wish  to  become  Christians. 


Incidents  in  School  Work  in  China. 


In  China,  as  in  other  fields,  the  effort  being  not  to  denationalize  the 
people,  but  to  lay  the  solid  foundation  of  a  native  Church,  presided 
over  and  taught  by  native  pastors,  great  attention  is  given  to  schools 
in  which  the  young  are  gathered,  and  from  which  it  is  hoped  they 
may  go  forth  in  after  years  rooted  and  grounded  in  Christian  truth 
and  practice,  reliable  Christians  who  will  adorn  among  their  own  peo¬ 
ple  the  doctrine  of  God  their  Saviour,  and  be  able  to  give  a  reason  for 
the  hope  that  is  in  them  ;  and  some  of  them  (if  God  will)  able  minister 
of  the  New  Testament,  pure  in  life,  apt  to  teach,  and  thoroughly 
furnished  unto  every  good  work. 

LiiriTER  OF  Rkv.  W.  J.  Boone. — “  Picture,”  writes  one  of  our 


t  Thanks  to  kind  trieinls,  a  harinoniuiu  lia.s  sinco  l)oen  sont. 


15 


Missionaries,  “  as  clearly  as  you  can  the  state  of  a  heathen  hoy,  such  as 
those  who  run  about  the  streets  of  these  three  cities  (VV^iichang,  Han¬ 
kow  and  Hanyang),  growing  up  to  a  stupid,  sensual,  practically 
godless  life.  Then  think  of  that  same  boy  rescued  by  the  outstretched 
hands  of  some  of  the  Church’s  many  Sunday-schools,  brought  to  our 
pleasant  school-lot  and  chapel,  washed,  clothed,  taught  both  the  best 
Chinese  literature  and  such  Christian  and  foreign  learning  as  we  shall 
find  best  to  giv^e  him,  daily  at  chapel  prayers,  learning  to  chant  and 
respond,  baptized  into  Christ’s  holy  Church,  and  shielded  for  years 
from  the  terrible  powers  of  the  arch  adversary.  As  a  man  he  is  well 
learned  ;  no  more  an  idolater,  and,  if  God  lias  blessed  our  pi-ayers  and 
work,  a  sincere  Christian,  ready  to  give  his  life  and  labors  in  return 
for  that  the  Church  has  done  for  him.  Only  $d0  a  year  may  do-all 
this.  Who  will  come  up  to  our  help  in  this  work  for  our  Lord?” 

J.ETTER  of  Rev.  S.  R.  J.  Hoyt. — Rev.  S.  R.  J.  Hoyt  writes  from 
Wuchang,  July  -i,  1871 : 

‘‘  During  Bishop  Williams’  recent  visitation,  besides  the  pleasing 
services  held,  in  which,  at  Hankow,  eleven  persons  renewed  their 
baptismal  vows,  and  at  Wuchang,  two  infants  were  baptized — the 
long  and  much  desired  boarding-school  was  provided  for.  By  private 
subscriptions  we  have  raised  money  enough  to  build  a  house  which 
will  accommodate  fourteen  boys,  and  which  can  easily  be  so  enlarged 
as  to  make  room  for  as  many  more  whenever  we  are  able  to  support  sa 
many  boys.  We  have  lost  no  time  in  pushing  the  work  on,  and  already 
we  see  a  neat  little  edifice  nearly  ready  to  receive  future  laborers  in  the 
Lord’s  vineyard.  “  May  God  grant  that  this  be  the  calling  of  each 
one.  If  not  as  ordained  ministers,  yet  as  faithful  servants  ! 

‘‘  If  we  have  a  right  to. count  the  dollars  paid  for  the  soul  of  a  feb 
low  creature,  this  system  is  not  an  expensive  one  :  for  thirty-five  dol¬ 
lars  currency  will  support  a  boy  one  year.  Is  it  not  worth  this  sum, 
not  reckoning  his  future  usefulness,  to  take  a  child  from  the  sufierings 
and  influences  of  his  wretched  home  and  heathen  practices,  and  to 
bring  him  up,  not  in  luxury,  but  in  decency,  and  above  all  in  a  knowl¬ 
edge  of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  to  whom  we  owe  all  our  blessings,  and 
all  that  makes  us  differ  from  these  hungry,  benighted  wanderers  in 
heathenism.  We  pray  and  trust  that  the  friends  who  are  giving  their 
loaves  to  those  boys,  may  bo  spared  to  know  that  they  in  turn  are 
giving  them  again  to  the  multitudes.” 

Rev.  Noan  Yung-  Kiung  writes:  “November  last,  Messrs.  Hoyt 
and  Boone  and  myself  agreed  to  contribute  a  monthly  sum  for  the 
new  day-Bchool  we  established  outside  the  city  gate,  half  a  mile  from 


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our  lioMie^i.  We  found  tliat  inside  it  we  could  not  compete  with  the 
native  cliarity  schools.  All  things  being  equal,  the  latter  will  be  pre¬ 
ferred  by  heathen  parents  to  ours.  In  the  country,  we  have  a  clear 
field.  The  present  number  is  twenty-three,  including  four  girls.  Their 
ages  are  from  nine  to  twelve.  Messrs.  Hoyt  and  Boone  alternate  in  ac¬ 
companying  me  to  examine  the  lessons  every  Monday.  The  exercise 
consist  in  hearing  recitations  memoriter  in  any  or  all  of  the  hooks 
they  have  studied,  A  book  of  marks  is  kept,  and  after  each  examina¬ 
tion  every  child’s  standing  is  read  out  to  him.  This  constant  visit, 
which,  indeed,  seems  to  be  a  trifling  duty,  is  necessary  in  order  to  insure 
faithfulness  in  the  teacher,  and  diligence  in  the  scholars.  Our  religi¬ 
ous  books  are  studied  every  day.  We  dismissed  two  who  refused  to 
do  so.  Last  Sunday  was  the  first  time  they  came  into  the  city  to  at¬ 
tend  services.  For  in  this  or  any  other  branch  of  our  Missionary 
work,  we  are  obliged  to  proceed  warily,  for  our  motives  and  objects 
are  often  misjudged  and  put  in  the  worst  possible  light. 

“Our  difficulties  are  many  ;  our  disappointments  are  often  bittei', 
but  we  thank  God  and  take  courage.” 

Our  Hospital  in  Shanghai.  In  Shanghai,  few  things,  perhaps, 
have  contributed  more  to  gain  a  favorable  hearing  for  our  Missiona¬ 
ries  than  the  Hospital  established  some  years  ago  by  the  Kev.  E.  H. 
Thomson.  Its  work  is  a  silent,  but  irresistible,  testimony  to  the  heart 
of  the  excellence  of  Christ’s  religion  and  the  good  intentions  of  the 
Missionaries. 

By  the  increased  contributions  received  during  the  year  1870,  and 
by  the  assiduous  attention  of  the  honorary  surgeons,  the  benefits  of 
this  hospital  have  been  rendered  more  thorough  and  effectual  than 
heretofore,  and  the  more  so  because  it  has  been  practicable  to  keep  the 
surgery  cases  in  the  hospital  and  under  the  daily  treatment  of  the 
surgeons. 

One  hundred  and  forty-two  in-door  patients  were  treated  in  the 
Hospital  during  the  past  year,  and  the  number  of  visits  paid  to  the 
Dispensary  by  those  seeking  relief  amounted  to  22,496. 

From  the  influence  of  one  case,  we  may  judge  of  the  general  effect 
of  all.  “  In  reference  to  one  of  the  cases  mentioned  in  the  Surgeons’ 
Eeport, — that  of  a  deranged  girl  treated  in  the  Hospital— a  fact  that 
has  come  to  our  knowledge  may  not  be  without  interest.  When  she  was 
sent  home  to  her  friends,  her  parents  expressed  to  the  man  in  whose 
care  she  was  placed  the  horrible  dread  they  had  felt  of  this  Hospital 
and  of  the  foreigners  who  conducted  it,  saying  that  they  had  been  told 
that  to  get  their  daughter  away  they  must  pay  1,000  taels.  But  when 


1 


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17 

they  heard  the  true  state  of  the  case,  and  saw  the  benefit  which  their 
daughter  had  received,  they  were  not  only  greatly  relieved,  but  pro¬ 
mised  that  after  the  New  Year  they  would  come  and  express  their 
thanks  for  so  much  kindness.” 


China  as  a  Field  of  Work. 


This  subject  can  be  best  treated  by  quotations  from  an  article 
from  the  pen  of  the  well-known  Rev.  Alexander  Williamson,  D.D* 

Its  Size. — “  Suppose  no  China,  and  suppose  that  the  Chinamen 
were  distributed  over  the  whole  world — Europe,  Asia,  Africa,  Amer¬ 
ica,  Australia,  and  the  isles  of  the  sea — every  third  man  you  should 
meet  would  be  a  Chinaman,  and  every  third  house  a  Chinese  dwelling ! 
Speak  of  Jamaica !  why,  there  are  more  people  in  Peking  than  in  the 
whole  island ;  or  of  the  Samoan  Islands,  a  most  promising  group  of 
the  South  Seas,  with  its  85,000  people  !  that  would  only  be  a  little  bit 
of  a  city  in  China.  There  are  a  dozen  cities  within  a  few  days’ 
journey  of  Chefoo  in  which  there  are  as  many,  and  in  several  instances 
double  that  population.  Speak  of  Madagascar,  with  its  4,000,000  or 
5,000,000 — that  is  only  one-seventh  of  the  population  of  the  province 
in  which  it  is  my  privilege  to  dwell.” 

The  Capacity  of  the  People. — “The  mental  capacities  of  the 
people  are  of  no  inferior  order.  Their  coherence  as  a  nation,  and 
their  wonderful  career  through  more  than  four  thousand  years,  speaks 
for  the  remarkable  vitality  and  importance  of  the  race  ;  the  size  of 
the  country,  the  extent  and  activity  of  the  population,  and  the  effi¬ 
cient  manner  in  which  the  people  have  been  governed  during  these 
four  millenniums,  prove  to  demonstration  that  there  must  always 
have  been  among  them  minds  of  the  very  highest  order,  in  point  of 
width  of  view,  force,  vigor,  decision,  and  persistency  of  character.” 

The  Part  They  are  to  Play. — “Further,  the  Chinese  are  the 
hope  of  the  East.  Every  one  who  has  traveled  in  these  distant 
regions  knows  how  vast  the  territories,  both  continental  and  insular, 
which  yet  remain  in  a  state  of  nature  and  the  home  of  wild  beasts. 
Immense  tracts — in  fact,  by  far  the  greater  part  of  Cambodia,  Siam, 
Burmah,  North-eastern  India,  Sumatra,  Java,  Borneo,  Timor,  and  the 
multitudes  of  islands  of  the  East  Indian  and  the  Malayan  Archipelago, 
literally  millions  of  square  acres,  as  much  as  the  whole  area  of  Europe 
— yet  remain  covered  with  jungle.  The  natives  obtain  their  food  too 
easily,  and  so  are  a  lazy  and  hopeless  people.  Europeans  fall  before 

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the  insalubrity  of  these  climates.  The  Chinese  alone  have  proved 
themselves  able  to  maintain  vigorous  physical  life  in  these  unwhole¬ 
some  regions.  And  they  are  entering  these  places  by  the  thousand. 
In  Java,  there  are  at  least  160,000,  in  Singapore,  80,000,  in  the  other 
places  proportionate  numbers.  They  are  multiplying  rapidly,  and  the 
probability  is,  that  they  will  supersede  the  natives,  who  will  either 
fall  before  them  or  be  incorporated  wdth  them,  and  so  they  are  sure  to 
be  soon  the  ruling  spirits  in  all  these  localities.” 

Yantage-Ground  for  Effort. — 1.  China  possesses  a  written  lan¬ 
guage  through  which  we  can  communicate  our  ideas  to  Chinamen  in 
every  province  of  the  empire,  and  in  every  part  of  the  world  where 
Chinamen  are.  Again,  in  North  China  there  is  a  second  language, 
which  is  the  colloquial  of  the  people  in  that  quarter,  which  is  also  a 
written  language,  and  wdiich  reaches  from  the  Yangtsze-Kiang  to  the 
Amoor,  and  from  the  Yellow  River  to  India — spoken  by  more  people 
than  any  other,  except  perhaps  the  English. 

“  2.  Education  prevails  very  extensively.  Every  village  or  town  has 
schools  in  proportion  to  its  size.  There  has  been  considerable  diver¬ 
sity  of  opinion  expressed  in  reference  to  the  prevalence  of  education 
in  China.  It  stands  thus :  Shopkeepers  can  all  read  and  write,  and 
keep  accounts.  The  classes  above  these  are  yet  better  instructed  ;  and 
many  among  them  can  not  only  read  the  mandarin  colloquial,  but  also 
the  classical  style.  Below  the  shopkeeper  there  is  less  attention  to 
education. 

3.  Their  literature — ancient,  varied,  and  most  extensive — is  all 
based  on  truths  and  moral  maxims,  to  which  Missionaries  can  refer 
with  great  power,  even  as  we  appeal  to  the  Bible.  In  their  earliest  and 
most  revered  writings — viz.,  the  five  classics — the  unity,  personality^ 
supremacy,  beneficence,  and  ever  present  providence  and  control  of 
the  living  and  the  true  God,  are  explicitly  taught.  Some  of  their 
hymns  to  Him  are  truly  sublime.  In  the  next  ancient  writings — viz., 
the  four  books  of  Confucius — the  duty  of  man  to  man  in  all  the  rela¬ 
tions  of  life  is  most  clearly  enunciated.  The  duties  which  relatively 
belong  to  king  and  subject,  father  and  son,  husband  and  wife,  elder 
and  younger  brothers,  and  friend  with  friend,  are  all  clearly  set  forth. 

“  4.  Up  to  the  time  of  our  Saviour,  there  w’ere  no  idols  in  China. 
In  none  of  the  classics  is  idolatry  or  immorality  countenanced  in  any 
shape  or  form.  And  not  only  so,  but  in  all  ages,  more  especially  since 
the  introduction  of  Buddhism  and  Tauism,  books  have  been  published 
in  every  generation  by  scholars  denouncing  all  such  abominations. 

“  5.  Their  theory  of  government  is  perhaps  the  most  perfect  upon 


19 


earth.  Their  laws  about  succession,  the  selection  of  the  wise  and  the 
talented  for  rulers,  their  code  of  laws,  are  all  admirable.” 

Conclusion. — Here,  then,  we  have  a  people  embracing  one- 
third  of  the  human  race — a  people  possessing  vast  territories,  as  rich 
and  fertile  as  ever  they  were,  territories  full  of  immense  mineral 
wealth,  as  yet  practically  untouched,  all  indicative  of  a  triumphant 
future — a  people  of  great  reach  of  intellect,  fertility  of  resources,  full 
of  energy  and  enterprise,  fitted  by  nature  and  disposed  by  training  to 
contend  with  any  obstacle,  and  carry  out  their  enterprises  in  spite  of 
all  opposition — a  people,  in  a  measure,  cultivated  and  prepared  to 
receive  all  that  can  be  placed  before  them  for  acceptance — a  people 
whose  youthful  minds  are  directed  towards  moral  excellence  as  the 
acme  of  all  ambition,  trained  to  imitate  virtuous  examples,  and  to 
watch  the  springs  of  action,  taught  to  set  mental  accomplishment  above 
wealth,  and  virtue  above  nobility — a  people  through  God’s  providence, 
so  hammered  and  blended  together,  that  they  retain  their  character¬ 
istics  as  well  among  the  most  vigorous  and  levelling  races  of  the 
world,  as  among  the  immobile  populations  of  the  Archipelago — a  peo¬ 
ple  that  has  struggled  after  civilization  and  high  attainments,  for 
thousands  of  years,  passed  through  revolution  after  revolution,  disor¬ 
ganization  and  reconstruction  ;  a  people  ready  to  receive  the  word  of 
emancipation,  enlightenment  and  new  life,  which  their  Father  and  our 
Father  has  entrusted  to  us  for  dissemination  among  them — a  people 
possessed  of  all  the  elements  of  success  and  dominion,  with  no  end  of 
material  resources,  and  with  brains  to  plan  and  govern.  They  have 
always  been  the  Imperial  race  of  the  East,  and  are  as  able  as  ever  to 
exercise  dominion  and  power.  Say,  is  there  a  people  in  this  wide 
world  who  have  such  claims  upon  us  ?” 


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